Data-ICal
view release on metacpan or search on metacpan
---
abstract: 'Generates iCalendar (RFC 2445) calendar files'
author:
- 'Best Practical Solutions, LLC <modules@bestpractical.com>'
build_requires:
ExtUtils::MakeMaker: 6.36
Test::LongString: 0
Test::More: 0
Test::NoWarnings: 0
Test::Warn: 0
configure_requires:
ExtUtils::MakeMaker: 6.36
NAME
Data::ICal - Generates iCalendar (RFC 2445) calendar files
INSTALLATION
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
SYNOPSIS
use Data::ICal;
my $calendar = Data::ICal->new();
my $vtodo = Data::ICal::Entry::Todo->new();
$vtodo->add_properties(
# ... see Data::ICal::Entry::Todo documentation
);
# ... or
$calendar = Data::ICal->new(filename => 'foo.ics'); # parse existing file
$calendar = Data::ICal->new(data => 'BEGIN:VCALENDAR...'); # parse from scalar
$calendar->add_entry($vtodo);
print $calendar->as_string;
DESCRIPTION
A Data::ICal object represents a "VCALENDAR" object as defined in the
iCalendar protocol (RFC 2445, MIME type "text/calendar"), as implemented
in many popular calendaring programs such as Apple's iCal.
Each Data::ICal object is a collection of "entries", which are objects
of a subclass of Data::ICal::Entry. The types of entries defined by
iCalendar (which refers to them as "components") include events, to-do
items, journal entries, free/busy time indicators, and time zone
descriptors; in addition, events and to-do items can contain alarm
entries. (Currently, Data::ICal only implements to-do items and events.)
Data::ICal is a subclass of Data::ICal::Entry; see its manpage for more
methods applicable to Data::ICal.
called by "new" if you provide arguments to "new".
Returns $self on success. Returns a false value upon failure to open or
parse the file or data; this false value is a Class::ReturnValue object
and can be queried as to its "error_message".
ical_entry_type
Returns "VCALENDAR", its iCalendar entry name.
product_id
Returns the product ID used in the calendar's "PRODID" property; you may
wish to override this in a subclass for your own application.
mandatory_unique_properties
According to the iCalendar standard, the following properties must be
specified exactly one time for a calendar:
prodid version
optional_unique_properties
According to the iCalendar standard, the following properties may be
specified at most one time for a calendar:
calscale method
DEPENDENCIES
Data::ICal requires Class::Accessor, Text::vFile::asData,
MIME::QuotedPrint, and Class::ReturnValue.
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Data::ICal does not support time zone daylight or standard entries, so
time zone components are basically useless.
While Data::ICal tries to check which properties are required and
repeatable, this only works in simple cases; it does not check for
properties that must either both exist or both not exist, or for
mutually exclusive properties.
Data::ICal does not check to see if property parameter names are known
in general or allowed on the particular property.
Data::ICal does not check to see if nested entries are nested properly
(alarms in todos and events only, everything else in calendars only).
The only property encoding supported by Data::ICal is quoted printable.
There is no Data::ICal::Entry::Alarm base class.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to
"bug-data-ical@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
<http://rt.cpan.org>.
AUTHOR
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
There is a clear need to provide and deploy interoperable calendaring
and scheduling services for the Internet. Current group scheduling
and Personal Information Management (PIM) products are being extended
for use across the Internet, today, in proprietary ways. This memo
has been defined to provide the definition of a common format for
openly exchanging calendaring and scheduling information across the
Internet.
This memo is formatted as a registration for a MIME media type per
[RFC 2048]. However, the format in this memo is equally applicable
for use outside of a MIME message content type.
The proposed media type value is 'text/calendar'. This string would
label a media type containing calendaring and scheduling information
encoded as text characters formatted in a manner outlined below.
This MIME media type provides a standard content type for capturing
calendar event, to-do and journal entry information. It also can be
used to convey free/busy time information. The content type is
suitable as a MIME message entity that can be transferred over MIME
based email systems, using HTTP or some other Internet transport. In
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
addition, the content type is useful as an object for interactions
between desktop applications using the operating system clipboard,
drag/drop or file systems capabilities.
This memo is based on the earlier work of the vCalendar specification
for the exchange of personal calendaring and scheduling information.
In order to avoid confusion with this referenced work, this memo is
to be known as the iCalendar specification.
This memo defines the format for specifying iCalendar object methods.
An iCalendar object method is a set of usage constraints for the
iCalendar object. For example, these methods might define scheduling
messages that request an event be scheduled, reply to an event
request, send a cancellation notice for an event, modify or replace
the definition of an event, provide a counter proposal for an
original event request, delegate an event request to another
individual, request free or busy time, reply to a free or busy time
request, or provide similar scheduling messages for a to-do or
journal entry calendar component. The iCalendar Transport-indendent
Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) defined in [ITIP] is one such
scheduling protocol.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.....................................................5
2 Basic Grammar and Conventions....................................6
2.1 Formatting Conventions .......................................7
2.2 Related Memos ................................................8
2.3 International Considerations .................................8
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
7.2.3 Allow a comment period ..................................143
7.2.4 Submit the property for approval ........................143
7.3 Property Change Control ....................................143
8 References.....................................................144
9 Acknowledgments................................................145
10 Authors' and Chairs' Addresses................................146
11 Full Copyright Statement......................................148
1 Introduction
The use of calendaring and scheduling has grown considerably in the
last decade. Enterprise and inter-enterprise business has become
dependent on rapid scheduling of events and actions using this
information technology. However, the longer term growth of
calendaring and scheduling, is currently limited by the lack of
Internet standards for the message content types that are central to
these knowledgeware applications. This memo is intended to progress
the level of interoperability possible between dissimilar calendaring
and scheduling applications. This memo defines a MIME content type
for exchanging electronic calendaring and scheduling information. The
Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification, or
iCalendar, allows for the capture and exchange of information
normally stored within a calendaring and scheduling application; such
as a Personal Information Manager (PIM) or a Group Scheduling
product.
The iCalendar format is suitable as an exchange format between
applications or systems. The format is defined in terms of a MIME
content type. This will enable the object to be exchanged using
several transports, including but not limited to SMTP, HTTP, a file
system, desktop interactive protocols such as the use of a memory-
based clipboard or drag/drop interactions, point-to-point
asynchronous communication, wired-network transport, or some form of
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
unwired transport such as infrared might also be used.
The memo also provides for the definition of iCalendar object methods
that will map this content type to a set of messages for supporting
calendaring and scheduling operations such as requesting, replying
to, modifying, and canceling meetings or appointments, to-dos and
journal entries. The iCalendar object methods can be used to define
other calendaring and scheduling operations such a requesting for and
replying with free/busy time data. Such a scheduling protocol is
defined in the iCalendar Transport-independent Interoperability
Protocol (iTIP) defined in [ITIP].
The memo also includes a formal grammar for the content type based on
the Internet ABNF defined in [RFC 2234]. This ABNF is required for
the implementation of parsers and to serve as the definitive
reference when ambiguities or questions arise in interpreting the
descriptive prose definition of the memo.
2 Basic Grammar and Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interoperated as described in
[RFC 2119].
This memo makes use of both a descriptive prose and a more formal
notation for defining the calendaring and scheduling format.
The notation used in this memo is the ABNF notation of [RFC 2234].
Readers intending on implementing this format defined in this memo
should be familiar with this notation in order to properly interpret
the specifications of this memo.
All numeric and hexadecimal values used in this memo are given in
decimal notation.
All names of properties, property parameters, enumerated property
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
The format for the iCalendar object is based on the syntax of the
[RFC 2425] content type. While the iCalendar object is not a profile
of the [RFC 2425] content type, it does reuse a number of the
elements from the [RFC 2425] specification.
2.1 Formatting Conventions
The mechanisms defined in this memo are defined in prose. Many of the
terms used to describe these have common usage that is different than
the standards usage of this memo. In order to reference within this
memo elements of the calendaring and scheduling model, core object
(this memo) or interoperability protocol [ITIP] some formatting
conventions have been used. Calendaring and scheduling roles are
referred to in quoted-strings of text with the first character of
each word in upper case. For example, "Organizer" refers to a role of
a "Calendar User" within the scheduling protocol defined by [ITIP].
Calendar components defined by this memo are referred to with
capitalized, quoted-strings of text. All calendar components start
with the letter "V". For example, "VEVENT" refers to the event
calendar component, "VTODO" refers to the to-do calendar component
and "VJOURNAL" refers to the daily journal calendar component.
Scheduling methods defined by [ITIP] are referred to with
capitalized, quoted-strings of text. For example, "REQUEST" refers to
the method for requesting a scheduling calendar component be created
or modified, "REPLY" refers to the method a recipient of a request
uses to update their status with the "Organizer" of the calendar
component.
The properties defined by this memo are referred to with capitalized,
quoted-strings of text, followed by the word "property". For example,
"ATTENDEE" property refers to the iCalendar property used to convey
the calendar address of a calendar user. Property parameters defined
by this memo are referred to with lowercase, quoted-strings of text,
followed by the word "parameter". For example, "value" parameter
refers to the iCalendar property parameter used to override the
default data type for a property value. Enumerated values defined by
this memo are referred to with capitalized text, either alone or
followed by the word "value". For example, the "MINUTELY" value can
be used with the "FREQ" component of the "RECUR" data type to specify
repeating components based on an interval of one minute or more.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
2.2 Related Memos
Implementers will need to be familiar with several other memos that,
along with this memo, form a framework for Internet calendaring and
scheduling standards. This memo, [ICAL], specifies a core
specification of objects, data types, properties and property
parameters.
[ITIP] - specifies an interoperability protocol for scheduling
between different implementations;
[IMIP] specifies an Internet email binding for [ITIP].
This memo does not attempt to repeat the specification of concepts or
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
3 Registration Information
The Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification is intended
for use as a MIME content type. However, the implementation of the
memo is in no way limited solely as a MIME content type.
3.1 Content Type
The following text is intended to register this memo as the MIME
content type "text/calendar".
To: ietf-types@uninett.no
Subject: Registration of MIME content type text/calendar.
MIME media type name: text
MIME subtype name: calendar
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
3.2 Parameters
Required parameters: none
Optional parameters: charset, method, component and optinfo
The "charset" parameter is defined in [RFC 2046] for other body
parts. It is used to identify the default character set used within
the body part.
The "method" parameter is used to convey the iCalendar object method
or transaction semantics for the calendaring and scheduling
information. It also is an identifier for the restricted set of
properties and values that the iCalendar object consists of. The
parameter is to be used as a guide for applications interpreting the
information contained within the body part. It SHOULD NOT be used to
exclude or require particular pieces of information unless the
identified method definition specifically calls for this behavior.
Unless specifically forbidden by a particular method definition, a
text/calendar content type can contain any set of properties
permitted by the Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object
Specification. The "method" parameter MUST be the same value as that
specified in the "METHOD" component property in the iCalendar object.
If one is present, the other MUST also be present.
The value for the "method" parameter is defined as follows:
method = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-")
; IANA registered iCalendar object method
The "component" parameter conveys the type of iCalendar calendar
component within the body part. If the iCalendar object contains more
than one calendar component type, then multiple component parameters
MUST be specified.
The value for the "component" parameter is defined as follows:
component = ("VEVENT" / "VTODO" / "VJOURNAL" / "VFREEBUSY"
/ "VTIMEZONE" / x-name / iana-token)
The "optinfo" parameter conveys optional information about the
iCalendar object within the body part. This parameter can only
specify semantics already specified by the iCalendar object and that
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
restricted to the 7bit repertoire. Note that a text valued property
in the content entity can also have content encoding of special
characters using a BACKSLASH character (US-ASCII decimal 92)
escapement technique. This means that content values can end up
encoded twice.
3.5 Security Considerations
SPOOFING - - In this memo, the "Organizer" is the only person
authorized to make changes to an existing "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" calendar component and redistribute the updates to the
"Attendees". An iCalendar object that maliciously changes or cancels
an existing "VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar
component might be constructed by someone other than the "Organizer"
and sent to the "Attendees". In addition in this memo, other than the
"Organizer", an "Attendee" of a "VEVENT", "VTODO", "VJOURNAL"
calendar component is the only other person authorized to update any
parameter associated with their "ATTENDEE" property and send it to
the "Organizer". An iCalendar object that maliciously changes the
"ATTENDEE" parameters can be constructed by someone other than the
real "Attendee" and sent to the "Organizer".
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
PROCEDURAL ALARMS - - An iCalendar object can be created that
contains a "VEVENT" and "VTODO" calendar component with "VALARM"
calendar components. The "VALARM" calendar component can be of type
PROCEDURE and can have an attachment containing some sort of
executable program. Implementations that incorporate these types of
alarms are subject to any virus or malicious attack that might occur
as a result of executing the attachment.
ATTACHMENTS - - An iCalendar object can include references to Uniform
Resource Locators that can be programmed resources.
Implementers and users of this memo should be aware of the network
security implications of accepting and parsing such information. In
addition, the security considerations observed by implementations of
electronic mail systems should be followed for this memo.
3.6 Interoperability Considerations
This MIME content type is intended to define a common format for
conveying calendaring and scheduling information between different
systems. It is heavily based on the earlier [VCAL] industry
specification.
3.7 Applications Which Use This Media Type
This content-type is designed for widespread use by Internet
calendaring and scheduling applications. In addition, applications in
the workflow and document management area might find this content-
type applicable. The [ITIP] and [IMIP] Internet protocols directly
use this content-type also. Future work on an Internet calendar
access protocol will utilize this content-type too.
3.8 Additional Information
This memo defines this content-type.
3.9 Magic Numbers
None.
3.10 File Extensions
The file extension of "ics" is to be used to designate a file
containing (an arbitrary set of) calendaring and scheduling
information consistent with this MIME content type.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
The file extension of "ifb" is to be used to designate a file
containing free or busy time information consistent with this MIME
content type.
Macintosh file type codes: The file type code of "iCal" is to be used
in Apple MacIntosh operating system environments to designate a file
containing calendaring and scheduling information consistent with
this MIME media type.
The file type code of "iFBf" is to be used in Apple MacIntosh
operating system environments to designate a file containing free or
busy time information consistent with this MIME media type.
3.11 Contact for Further Information:
Frank Dawson
6544 Battleford Drive
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
4 iCalendar Object Specification
The following sections define the details of a Calendaring and
Scheduling Core Object Specification. This information is intended to
be an integral part of the MIME content type registration. In
addition, this information can be used independent of such content
registration. In particular, this memo has direct applicability for
use as a calendaring and scheduling exchange format in file-, memory-
or network-based transport mechanisms.
4.1 Content Lines
The iCalendar object is organized into individual lines of text,
called content lines. Content lines are delimited by a line break,
which is a CRLF sequence (US-ASCII decimal 13, followed by US-ASCII
decimal 10).
Lines of text SHOULD NOT be longer than 75 octets, excluding the line
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
<p><b>Project XYZ Review Meeting</b> will include the following
agenda items:<ol><li>Market
Overview</li><li>Finances</li><li>Project Management</li></ol></p>
</body></html>
4.2.2 Common Name
Parameter Name: CN
Purpose: To specify the common name to be associated with the
calendar user specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
cnparam = "CN" "=" param-value
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter specifies the common name to be
associated with the calendar user specified by the property. The
parameter value is text. The parameter value can be used for display
text to be associated with the calendar address specified by the
property.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 19]
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Example:
ORGANIZER;CN="John Smith":MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
4.2.3 Calendar User Type
Parameter Name: CUTYPE
Purpose: To specify the type of calendar user specified by the
property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
cutypeparam = "CUTYPE" "="
("INDIVIDUAL" ; An individual
/ "GROUP" ; A group of individuals
/ "RESOURCE" ; A physical resource
/ "ROOM" ; A room resource
/ "UNKNOWN" ; Otherwise not known
/ x-name ; Experimental type
/ iana-token) ; Other IANA registered
; type
; Default is INDIVIDUAL
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter identifies the type of calendar
user specified by the property. If not specified on a property that
allows this parameter, the default is INDIVIDUAL.
Example:
ATTENDEE;CUTYPE=GROUP:MAILTO:ietf-calsch@imc.org
4.2.4 Delegators
Parameter Name: DELEGATED-FROM
Purpose: To specify the calendar users that have delegated their
participation to the calendar user specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
delfromparam = "DELEGATED-FROM" "=" DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE
*("," DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE)
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. This parameter can be specified on a property
that has a value type of calendar address. This parameter specifies
those calendar uses that have delegated their participation in a
group scheduled event or to-do to the calendar user specified by the
property. The value MUST be a MAILTO URI as defined in [RFC 1738].
The individual calendar address parameter values MUST each be
specified in a quoted-string.
Example:
ATTENDEE;DELEGATED-FROM="MAILTO:jsmith@host.com":MAILTO:
jdoe@host.com
4.2.5 Delegatees
Parameter Name: DELEGATED-TO
Purpose: To specify the calendar users to whom the calendar user
specified by the property has delegated participation.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
deltoparam = "DELEGATED-TO" "=" DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE
*("," DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE)
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. This parameter specifies those calendar users
whom have been delegated participation in a group scheduled event or
to-do by the calendar user specified by the property. The value MUST
be a MAILTO URI as defined in [RFC 1738]. The individual calendar
address parameter values MUST each be specified in a quoted-string.
Example:
ATTENDEE;DELEGATED-TO="MAILTO:jdoe@host.com","MAILTO:jqpublic@
host.com":MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
4.2.6 Directory Entry Reference
Parameter Name: DIR
Purpose: To specify reference to a directory entry associated with
the calendar user specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
dirparam = "DIR" "=" DQUOTE uri DQUOTE
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter specifies a reference to the
directory entry associated with the calendar user specified by the
property. The parameter value is a URI. The individual URI parameter
values MUST each be specified in a quoted-string.
Example:
ORGANIZER;DIR="ldap://host.com:6666/o=eDABC%20Industries,c=3DUS??
(cn=3DBJim%20Dolittle)":MAILTO:jimdo@host1.com
4.2.7 Inline Encoding
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
The following example makes use of the Quoted-Printable encoding in
order to represent non-ASCII characters.
LOCATION;LANGUAGE=da:K=F8benhavn
LOCATION;LANGUAGE=en:Copenhagen
4.2.11 Group or List Membership
Parameter Name: MEMBER
Purpose: To specify the group or list membership of the calendar user
specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
memberparam = "MEMBER" "=" DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE
*("," DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE)
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter identifies the groups or list
membership for the calendar user specified by the property. The
parameter value either a single calendar address in a quoted-string
or a COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44) list of calendar
addresses, each in a quoted-string. The individual calendar address
parameter values MUST each be specified in a quoted-string.
Example:
ATTENDEE;MEMBER="MAILTO:ietf-calsch@imc.org":MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
ATTENDEE;MEMBER="MAILTO:projectA@host.com","MAILTO:projectB@host.
com":MAILTO:janedoe@host.com
4.2.12 Participation Status
Parameter Name: PARTSTAT
Purpose: To specify the participation status for the calendar user
specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
partstatparam = "PARTSTAT" "="
("NEEDS-ACTION" ; Event needs action
/ "ACCEPTED" ; Event accepted
/ "DECLINED" ; Event declined
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
/ "ACCEPTED" ; Journal accepted
/ "DECLINED" ; Journal declined
/ x-name ; Experimental status
/ iana-token) ; Other IANA registered
; status
; These are the participation statuses for a "VJOURNAL". Default is
; NEEDS-ACTION
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter identifies the participation
status for the calendar user specified by the property value. The
parameter values differ depending on whether they are associated with
a group scheduled "VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL". The values MUST
match one of the values allowed for the given calendar component. If
not specified on a property that allows this parameter, the default
value is NEEDS-ACTION.
Example:
ATTENDEE;PARTSTAT=DECLINED:MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 26]
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Example:
RECURRENCE-ID;RANGE=THISANDPRIOR:19980401T133000Z
4.2.14 Alarm Trigger Relationship
Parameter Name: RELATED
Purpose: To specify the relationship of the alarm trigger with
respect to the start or end of the calendar component.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
trigrelparam = "RELATED" "="
("START" ; Trigger off of start
/ "END") ; Trigger off of end
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Description: The parameter can be specified on properties that
specify an alarm trigger with a DURATION value type. The parameter
specifies whether the alarm will trigger relative to the start or end
of the calendar component. The parameter value START will set the
alarm to trigger off the start of the calendar component; the
parameter value END will set the alarm to trigger off the end of the
calendar component. If the parameter is not specified on an allowable
property, then the default is START.
Example:
TRIGGER;RELATED=END:PT5M
4.2.15 Relationship Type
Parameter Name: RELTYPE
Purpose: To specify the type of hierarchical relationship associated
with the calendar component specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
reltypeparam = "RELTYPE" "="
("PARENT" ; Parent relationship. Default.
/ "CHILD" ; Child relationship
/ "SIBLING ; Sibling relationship
/ iana-token ; Some other IANA registered
; iCalendar relationship type
/ x-name) ; A non-standard, experimental
; relationship type
Description: This parameter can be specified on a property that
references another related calendar. The parameter specifies the
hierarchical relationship type of the calendar component referenced
by the property. The parameter value can be PARENT, to indicate that
the referenced calendar component is a superior of calendar
component; CHILD to indicate that the referenced calendar component
is a subordinate of the calendar component; SIBLING to indicate that
the referenced calendar component is a peer of the calendar
component. If this parameter is not specified on an allowable
property, the default relationship type is PARENT.
Example:
RELATED-TO;RELTYPE=SIBLING:<19960401-080045-4000F192713@host.com>
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
4.2.16 Participation Role
Parameter Name: ROLE
Purpose: To specify the participation role for the calendar user
specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
roleparam = "ROLE" "="
("CHAIR" ; Indicates chair of the
; calendar entity
/ "REQ-PARTICIPANT" ; Indicates a participant whose
; participation is required
/ "OPT-PARTICIPANT" ; Indicates a participant whose
; participation is optional
/ "NON-PARTICIPANT" ; Indicates a participant who is
; copied for information
; purposes only
/ x-name ; Experimental role
/ iana-token) ; Other IANA role
; Default is REQ-PARTICIPANT
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter specifies the participation
role for the calendar user specified by the property in the group
schedule calendar component. If not specified on a property that
allows this parameter, the default value is REQ-PARTICIPANT.
Example:
ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR:MAILTO:mrbig@host.com
4.2.17 RSVP Expectation
Parameter Name: RSVP
Purpose: To specify whether there is an expectation of a favor of a
reply from the calendar user specified by the property value.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
rsvpparam = "RSVP" "=" ("TRUE" / "FALSE")
; Default is FALSE
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter identifies the expectation of a
reply from the calendar user specified by the property value. This
parameter is used by the "Organizer" to request a participation
status reply from an "Attendee" of a group scheduled event or to-do.
If not specified on a property that allows this parameter, the
default value is FALSE.
Example:
ATTENDEE;RSVP=TRUE:MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
4.2.18 Sent By
Parameter Name: SENT-BY
Purpose: To specify the calendar user that is acting on behalf of the
calendar user specified by the property.
Format Definition: The property parameter is defined by the following
notation:
sentbyparam = "SENT-BY" "=" DQUOTE cal-address DQUOTE
Description: This parameter can be specified on properties with a
CAL-ADDRESS value type. The parameter specifies the calendar user
that is acting on behalf of the calendar user specified by the
property. The parameter value MUST be a MAILTO URI as defined in [RFC
1738]. The individual calendar address parameter values MUST each be
specified in a quoted-string.
Example:
ORGANIZER;SENT-BY:"MAILTO:sray@host.com":MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
4.2.19 Time Zone Identifier
Parameter Name: TZID
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Description: The parameter MUST be specified on the "DTSTART",
"DTEND", "DUE", "EXDATE" and "RDATE" properties when either a DATE-
TIME or TIME value type is specified and when the value is not either
a UTC or a "floating" time. Refer to the DATE-TIME or TIME value type
definition for a description of UTC and "floating time" formats. This
property parameter specifies a text value which uniquely identifies
the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component to be used when evaluating the
time portion of the property. The value of the TZID property
parameter will be equal to the value of the TZID property for the
matching time zone definition. An individual "VTIMEZONE" calendar
component MUST be specified for each unique "TZID" parameter value
specified in the iCalendar object.
The parameter MUST be specified on properties with a DATE-TIME value
if the DATE-TIME is not either a UTC or a "floating" time.
The presence of the SOLIDUS character (US-ASCII decimal 47) as a
prefix, indicates that this TZID represents a unique ID in a globally
defined time zone registry (when such registry is defined).
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DTSTART;TZID=US-Eastern:19980119T020000
DTEND;TZID=US-Eastern:19980119T030000
The TZID property parameter MUST NOT be applied to DATE-TIME or TIME
properties whose time values are specified in UTC.
The use of local time in a DATE-TIME or TIME value without the TZID
property parameter is to be interpreted as a local time value,
regardless of the existence of "VTIMEZONE" calendar components in the
iCalendar object.
For more information see the sections on the data types DATE-TIME and
TIME.
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Example: The following is an example of a hypothetical property that
has a BOOLEAN value type:
GIBBERISH:TRUE
4.3.3 Calendar User Address
Value Name: CAL-ADDRESS
Purpose: This value type is used to identify properties that contain
a calendar user address.
Formal Definition: The value type is as defined by the following
notation:
cal-address = uri
Description: The value is a URI as defined by [RFC 1738] or any other
IANA registered form for a URI. When used to address an Internet
email transport address for a calendar user, the value MUST be a
MAILTO URI, as defined by [RFC 1738]. No additional content value
encoding (i.e., BACKSLASH character encoding) is defined for this
value type.
Example:
ATTENDEE:MAILTO:jane_doe@host.com
4.3.4 Date
Value Name: DATE
Purpose: This value type is used to identify values that contain a
calendar date.
Formal Definition: The value type is defined by the following
notation:
date = date-value
date-value = date-fullyear date-month date-mday
date-fullyear = 4DIGIT
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
date-month = 2DIGIT ;01-12
date-mday = 2DIGIT ;01-28, 01-29, 01-30, 01-31
;based on month/year
Description: If the property permits, multiple "date" values are
specified as a COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44) separated list
of values. The format for the value type is expressed as the [ISO
8601] complete representation, basic format for a calendar date. The
textual format specifies a four-digit year, two-digit month, and
two-digit day of the month. There are no separator characters between
the year, month and day component text.
No additional content value encoding (i.e., BACKSLASH character
encoding) is defined for this value type.
Example: The following represents July 14, 1997:
19970714
4.3.5 Date-Time
Value Name: DATE-TIME
Purpose: This value type is used to identify values that specify a
precise calendar date and time of day.
Formal Definition: The value type is defined by the following
notation:
date-time = date "T" time ;As specified in the date and time
;value definitions
Description: If the property permits, multiple "date-time" values are
specified as a COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44) separated list
of values. No additional content value encoding (i.e., BACKSLASH
character encoding) is defined for this value type.
The "DATE-TIME" data type is used to identify values that contain a
precise calendar date and time of day. The format is based on the
[ISO 8601] complete representation, basic format for a calendar date
and time of day. The text format is a concatenation of the "date",
followed by the LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (US-ASCII decimal
84) time designator, followed by the "time" format.
The "DATE-TIME" data type expresses time values in three forms:
The form of date and time with UTC offset MUST NOT be used. For
example, the following is not valid for a date-time value:
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
same event definition as a floating time, may be participating in the
event at different actual times. Floating time SHOULD only be used
where that is the reasonable behavior.
In most cases, a fixed time is desired. To properly communicate a
fixed time in a property value, either UTC time or local time with
time zone reference MUST be specified.
The use of local time in a DATE-TIME value without the TZID property
parameter is to be interpreted as floating time, regardless of the
existence of "VTIMEZONE" calendar components in the iCalendar object.
FORM #2: DATE WITH UTC TIME
The date with UTC time, or absolute time, is identified by a LATIN
CAPITAL LETTER Z suffix character (US-ASCII decimal 90), the UTC
designator, appended to the time value. For example, the following
represents January 19, 1998, at 0700 UTC:
DTSTART:19980119T070000Z
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
44) separated list of days of the year. Valid values are 1 to 366 or
-366 to -1. For example, -1 represents the last day of the year
(December 31st) and -306 represents the 306th to the last day of the
year (March 1st).
The BYWEEKNO rule part specifies a COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal
44) separated list of ordinals specifying weeks of the year. Valid
values are 1 to 53 or -53 to -1. This corresponds to weeks according
to week numbering as defined in [ISO 8601]. A week is defined as a
seven day period, starting on the day of the week defined to be the
week start (see WKST). Week number one of the calendar year is the
first week which contains at least four (4) days in that calendar
year. This rule part is only valid for YEARLY rules. For example, 3
represents the third week of the year.
Note: Assuming a Monday week start, week 53 can only occur when
Thursday is January 1 or if it is a leap year and Wednesday is
January 1.
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This means that two ATTENDEEs may participate in the same event at
different UTC times; floating time SHOULD only be used where that is
reasonable behavior.
In most cases, a fixed time is desired. To properly communicate a
fixed time in a property value, either UTC time or local time with
time zone reference MUST be specified.
The use of local time in a TIME value without the TZID property
parameter is to be interpreted as a local time value, regardless of
the existence of "VTIMEZONE" calendar components in the iCalendar
object.
FORM #2: UTC TIME
UTC time, or absolute time, is identified by a LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
suffix character (US-ASCII decimal 90), the UTC designator, appended
to the time value. For example, the following represents 07:00 AM
UTC:
070000Z
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Example: The following UTC offsets are given for standard time for
New York (five hours behind UTC) and Geneva (one hour ahead of UTC):
-0500
+0100
4.4 iCalendar Object
The Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object is a collection of
calendaring and scheduling information. Typically, this information
will consist of a single iCalendar object. However, multiple
iCalendar objects can be sequentially grouped together. The first
line and last line of the iCalendar object MUST contain a pair of
iCalendar object delimiter strings. The syntax for an iCalendar
object is as follows:
icalobject = 1*("BEGIN" ":" "VCALENDAR" CRLF
icalbody
"END" ":" "VCALENDAR" CRLF)
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4.5 Property
A property is the definition of an individual attribute describing a
calendar or a calendar component. A property takes the form defined
by the "contentline" notation defined in section 4.1.1.
The following is an example of a property:
DTSTART:19960415T133000Z
This memo imposes no ordering of properties within an iCalendar
object.
Property names, parameter names and enumerated parameter values are
case insensitive. For example, the property name "DUE" is the same as
"due" and "Due", DTSTART;TZID=US-Eastern:19980714T120000 is the same
as DtStart;TzID=US-Eastern:19980714T120000.
4.6 Calendar Components
The body of the iCalendar object consists of a sequence of calendar
properties and one or more calendar components. The calendar
properties are attributes that apply to the calendar as a whole. The
calendar components are collections of properties that express a
particular calendar semantic. For example, the calendar component can
specify an event, a to-do, a journal entry, time zone information, or
free/busy time information, or an alarm.
The body of the iCalendar object is defined by the following
notation:
icalbody = calprops component
calprops = 2*(
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1*contentline
"END" ":" iana-token CRLF
x-comp = "BEGIN" ":" x-name CRLF
1*contentline
"END" ":" x-name CRLF
An iCalendar object MUST include the "PRODID" and "VERSION" calendar
properties. In addition, it MUST include at least one calendar
component. Special forms of iCalendar objects are possible to publish
just busy time (i.e., only a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component) or time
zone (i.e., only a "VTIMEZONE" calendar component) information. In
addition, a complex iCalendar object is possible that is used to
capture a complete snapshot of the contents of a calendar (e.g.,
composite of many different calendar components). More commonly, an
iCalendar object will consist of just a single "VEVENT", "VTODO" or
"VJOURNAL" calendar component.
4.6.1 Event Component
Component Name: "VEVENT"
Purpose: Provide a grouping of component properties that describe an
event.
Format Definition: A "VEVENT" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
eventc = "BEGIN" ":" "VEVENT" CRLF
eventprop *alarmc
"END" ":" "VEVENT" CRLF
eventprop = *(
; the following are optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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; the following are optional,
; and MAY occur more than once
attach / attendee / categories / comment /
contact / exdate / exrule / rstatus / related /
resources / rdate / rrule / x-prop
)
Description: A "VEVENT" calendar component is a grouping of component
properties, and possibly including "VALARM" calendar components, that
represents a scheduled amount of time on a calendar. For example, it
can be an activity; such as a one-hour long, department meeting from
8:00 AM to 9:00 AM, tomorrow. Generally, an event will take up time
on an individual calendar. Hence, the event will appear as an opaque
interval in a search for busy time. Alternately, the event can have
its Time Transparency set to "TRANSPARENT" in order to prevent
blocking of the event in searches for busy time.
The "VEVENT" is also the calendar component used to specify an
anniversary or daily reminder within a calendar. These events have a
DATE value type for the "DTSTART" property instead of the default
data type of DATE-TIME. If such a "VEVENT" has a "DTEND" property, it
MUST be specified as a DATE value also. The anniversary type of
"VEVENT" can span more than one date (i.e, "DTEND" property value is
set to a calendar date after the "DTSTART" property value).
The "DTSTART" property for a "VEVENT" specifies the inclusive start
of the event. For recurring events, it also specifies the very first
instance in the recurrence set. The "DTEND" property for a "VEVENT"
calendar component specifies the non-inclusive end of the event. For
cases where a "VEVENT" calendar component specifies a "DTSTART"
property with a DATE data type but no "DTEND" property, the events
non-inclusive end is the end of the calendar date specified by the
"DTSTART" property. For cases where a "VEVENT" calendar component
specifies a "DTSTART" property with a DATE-TIME data type but no
"DTEND" property, the event ends on the same calendar date and time
of day specified by the "DTSTART" property.
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The "VEVENT" calendar component cannot be nested within another
calendar component. However, "VEVENT" calendar components can be
related to each other or to a "VTODO" or to a "VJOURNAL" calendar
component with the "RELATED-TO" property.
Example: The following is an example of the "VEVENT" calendar
component used to represent a meeting that will also be opaque to
searches for busy time:
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:19970901T130000Z-123401@host.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T1300Z
DTSTART:19970903T163000Z
DTEND:19970903T190000Z
SUMMARY:Annual Employee Review
CLASS:PRIVATE
CATEGORIES:BUSINESS,HUMAN RESOURCES
END:VEVENT
The following is an example of the "VEVENT" calendar component used
to represent a reminder that will not be opaque, but rather
transparent, to searches for busy time:
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:19970901T130000Z-123402@host.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T1300Z
DTSTART:19970401T163000Z
DTEND:19970402T010000Z
SUMMARY:Laurel is in sensitivity awareness class.
CLASS:PUBLIC
CATEGORIES:BUSINESS,HUMAN RESOURCES
TRANSP:TRANSPARENT
END:VEVENT
The following is an example of the "VEVENT" calendar component used
to represent an anniversary that will occur annually. Since it takes
up no time, it will not appear as opaque in a search for busy time;
no matter what the value of the "TRANSP" property indicates:
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:19970901T130000Z-123403@host.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T1300Z
DTSTART:19971102
SUMMARY:Our Blissful Anniversary
CLASS:CONFIDENTIAL
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4.6.2 To-do Component
Component Name: VTODO
Purpose: Provide a grouping of calendar properties that describe a
to-do.
Formal Definition: A "VTODO" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
todoc = "BEGIN" ":" "VTODO" CRLF
todoprop *alarmc
"END" ":" "VTODO" CRLF
todoprop = *(
; the following are optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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due / duration /
; the following are optional,
; and MAY occur more than once
attach / attendee / categories / comment / contact /
exdate / exrule / rstatus / related / resources /
rdate / rrule / x-prop
)
Description: A "VTODO" calendar component is a grouping of component
properties and possibly "VALARM" calendar components that represent
an action-item or assignment. For example, it can be used to
represent an item of work assigned to an individual; such as "turn in
travel expense today".
The "VTODO" calendar component cannot be nested within another
calendar component. However, "VTODO" calendar components can be
related to each other or to a "VTODO" or to a "VJOURNAL" calendar
component with the "RELATED-TO" property.
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A "VTODO" calendar component without the "DTSTART" and "DUE" (or
"DURATION") properties specifies a to-do that will be associated with
each successive calendar date, until it is completed.
Example: The following is an example of a "VTODO" calendar component:
BEGIN:VTODO
UID:19970901T130000Z-123404@host.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T1300Z
DTSTART:19970415T133000Z
DUE:19970416T045959Z
SUMMARY:1996 Income Tax Preparation
CLASS:CONFIDENTIAL
CATEGORIES:FAMILY,FINANCE
PRIORITY:1
STATUS:NEEDS-ACTION
END:VTODO
4.6.3 Journal Component
Component Name: VJOURNAL
Purpose: Provide a grouping of component properties that describe a
journal entry.
Formal Definition: A "VJOURNAL" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
journalc = "BEGIN" ":" "VJOURNAL" CRLF
jourprop
"END" ":" "VJOURNAL" CRLF
jourprop = *(
; the following are optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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)
Description: A "VJOURNAL" calendar component is a grouping of
component properties that represent one or more descriptive text
notes associated with a particular calendar date. The "DTSTART"
property is used to specify the calendar date that the journal entry
is associated with. Generally, it will have a DATE value data type,
but it can also be used to specify a DATE-TIME value data type.
Examples of a journal entry include a daily record of a legislative
body or a journal entry of individual telephone contacts for the day
or an ordered list of accomplishments for the day. The "VJOURNAL"
calendar component can also be used to associate a document with a
calendar date.
The "VJOURNAL" calendar component does not take up time on a
calendar. Hence, it does not play a role in free or busy time
searches - - it is as though it has a time transparency value of
TRANSPARENT. It is transparent to any such searches.
The "VJOURNAL" calendar component cannot be nested within another
calendar component. However, "VJOURNAL" calendar components can be
related to each other or to a "VEVENT" or to a "VTODO" calendar
component, with the "RELATED-TO" property.
Example: The following is an example of the "VJOURNAL" calendar
component:
BEGIN:VJOURNAL
UID:19970901T130000Z-123405@host.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T1300Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:19970317
SUMMARY:Staff meeting minutes
DESCRIPTION:1. Staff meeting: Participants include Joe\, Lisa
and Bob. Aurora project plans were reviewed. There is currently
no budget reserves for this project. Lisa will escalate to
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4.6.4 Free/Busy Component
Component Name: VFREEBUSY
Purpose: Provide a grouping of component properties that describe
either a request for free/busy time, describe a response to a request
for free/busy time or describe a published set of busy time.
Formal Definition: A "VFREEBUSY" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
freebusyc = "BEGIN" ":" "VFREEBUSY" CRLF
fbprop
"END" ":" "VFREEBUSY" CRLF
fbprop = *(
; the following are optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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contact / dtstart / dtend / duration / dtstamp /
organizer / uid / url /
; the following are optional,
; and MAY occur more than once
attendee / comment / freebusy / rstatus / x-prop
)
Description: A "VFREEBUSY" calendar component is a grouping of
component properties that represents either a request for, a reply to
a request for free or busy time information or a published set of
busy time information.
When used to request free/busy time information, the "ATTENDEE"
property specifies the calendar users whose free/busy time is being
requested; the "ORGANIZER" property specifies the calendar user who
is requesting the free/busy time; the "DTSTART" and "DTEND"
properties specify the window of time for which the free/busy time is
being requested; the "UID" and "DTSTAMP" properties are specified to
assist in proper sequencing of multiple free/busy time requests.
When used to reply to a request for free/busy time, the "ATTENDEE"
property specifies the calendar user responding to the free/busy time
request; the "ORGANIZER" property specifies the calendar user that
originally requested the free/busy time; the "FREEBUSY" property
specifies the free/busy time information (if it exists); and the
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"UID" and "DTSTAMP" properties are specified to assist in proper
sequencing of multiple free/busy time replies.
When used to publish busy time, the "ORGANIZER" property specifies
the calendar user associated with the published busy time; the
"DTSTART" and "DTEND" properties specify an inclusive time window
that surrounds the busy time information; the "FREEBUSY" property
specifies the published busy time information; and the "DTSTAMP"
property specifies the date/time that iCalendar object was created.
The "VFREEBUSY" calendar component cannot be nested within another
calendar component. Multiple "VFREEBUSY" calendar components can be
specified within an iCalendar object. This permits the grouping of
Free/Busy information into logical collections, such as monthly
groups of busy time information.
The "VFREEBUSY" calendar component is intended for use in iCalendar
object methods involving requests for free time, requests for busy
time, requests for both free and busy, and the associated replies.
Free/Busy information is represented with the "FREEBUSY" property.
This property provides a terse representation of time periods. One or
more "FREEBUSY" properties can be specified in the "VFREEBUSY"
calendar component.
When present in a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component, the "DTSTART" and
"DTEND" properties SHOULD be specified prior to any "FREEBUSY"
properties. In a free time request, these properties can be used in
combination with the "DURATION" property to represent a request for a
duration of free time within a specified window of time.
The recurrence properties ("RRULE", "EXRULE", "RDATE", "EXDATE") are
not permitted within a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component. Any recurring
events are resolved into their individual busy time periods using the
"FREEBUSY" property.
Example: The following is an example of a "VFREEBUSY" calendar
component used to request free or busy time information:
BEGIN:VFREEBUSY
ORGANIZER:MAILTO:jane_doe@host1.com
ATTENDEE:MAILTO:john_public@host2.com
DTSTART:19971015T050000Z
DTEND:19971016T050000Z
DTSTAMP:19970901T083000Z
END:VFREEBUSY
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The following is an example of a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component used
to reply to the request with busy time information:
BEGIN:VFREEBUSY
ORGANIZER:MAILTO:jane_doe@host1.com
ATTENDEE:MAILTO:john_public@host2.com
DTSTAMP:19970901T100000Z
FREEBUSY;VALUE=PERIOD:19971015T050000Z/PT8H30M,
19971015T160000Z/PT5H30M,19971015T223000Z/PT6H30M
URL:http://host2.com/pub/busy/jpublic-01.ifb
COMMENT:This iCalendar file contains busy time information for
the next three months.
END:VFREEBUSY
The following is an example of a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component used
to publish busy time information.
BEGIN:VFREEBUSY
ORGANIZER:jsmith@host.com
DTSTART:19980313T141711Z
DTEND:19980410T141711Z
FREEBUSY:19980314T233000Z/19980315T003000Z
FREEBUSY:19980316T153000Z/19980316T163000Z
FREEBUSY:19980318T030000Z/19980318T040000Z
URL:http://www.host.com/calendar/busytime/jsmith.ifb
END:VFREEBUSY
4.6.5 Time Zone Component
Component Name: VTIMEZONE
Purpose: Provide a grouping of component properties that defines a
time zone.
Formal Definition: A "VTIMEZONE" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
timezonec = "BEGIN" ":" "VTIMEZONE" CRLF
2*(
; 'tzid' is required, but MUST NOT occur more
; than once
tzid /
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However, implementers may find the Olson time zone database [TZ]
a useful reference. It is an informal, public-domain collection
of time zone information, which is currently being maintained by
volunteer Internet participants, and is used in several
operating systems. This database contains current and historical
time zone information for a wide variety of locations around the
globe; it provides a time zone identifier for every unique time
zone rule set in actual use since 1970, with historical data
going back to the introduction of standard time.
Interoperability between two calendaring and scheduling applications,
especially for recurring events, to-dos or journal entries, is
dependent on the ability to capture and convey date and time
information in an unambiguous format. The specification of current
time zone information is integral to this behavior.
If present, the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component defines the set of
Standard Time and Daylight Saving Time observances (or rules) for a
particular time zone for a given interval of time. The "VTIMEZONE"
calendar component cannot be nested within other calendar components.
Multiple "VTIMEZONE" calendar components can exist in an iCalendar
object. In this situation, each "VTIMEZONE" MUST represent a unique
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time zone definition. This is necessary for some classes of events,
such as airline flights, that start in one time zone and end in
another.
The "VTIMEZONE" calendar component MUST be present if the iCalendar
object contains an RRULE that generates dates on both sides of a time
zone shift (e.g. both in Standard Time and Daylight Saving Time)
unless the iCalendar object intends to convey a floating time (See
the section "4.1.10.11 Time" for proper interpretation of floating
time). It can be present if the iCalendar object does not contain
such a RRULE. In addition, if a RRULE is present, there MUST be valid
time zone information for all recurrence instances.
The "VTIMEZONE" calendar component MUST include the "TZID" property
and at least one definition of a standard or daylight component. The
standard or daylight component MUST include the "DTSTART",
"TZOFFSETFROM" and "TZOFFSETTO" properties.
An individual "VTIMEZONE" calendar component MUST be specified for
each unique "TZID" parameter value specified in the iCalendar object.
Each "VTIMEZONE" calendar component consists of a collection of one
or more sub-components that describe the rule for a particular
observance (either a Standard Time or a Daylight Saving Time
observance). The "STANDARD" sub-component consists of a collection of
properties that describe Standard Time. The "DAYLIGHT" sub-component
consists of a collection of properties that describe Daylight Saving
Time. In general this collection of properties consists of:
- the first onset date-time for the observance
- the last onset date-time for the observance, if a last onset
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observance.
The top-level properties in a "VTIMEZONE" calendar component are:
The mandatory "TZID" property is a text value that uniquely
identifies the VTIMZONE calendar component within the scope of an
iCalendar object.
The optional "LAST-MODIFIED" property is a UTC value that specifies
the date and time that this time zone definition was last updated.
The optional "TZURL" property is url value that points to a published
VTIMEZONE definition. TZURL SHOULD refer to a resource that is
accessible by anyone who might need to interpret the object. This
SHOULD NOT normally be a file: URL or other URL that is not widely-
accessible.
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this observance is in use.
The optional "TZNAME" property is the customary name for the time
zone. It may be specified multiple times, to allow for specifying
multiple language variants of the time zone names. This could be used
for displaying dates.
If specified, the onset for the observance defined by the time zone
sub-component is defined by either the "RRULE" or "RDATE" property.
If neither is specified, only one sub-component can be specified in
the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component and it is assumed that the single
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observance specified is always in effect.
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RRULE.
Alternatively, the "RDATE" property can be used to define the onset
of the observance by giving the individual onset date and times.
"RDATE" in this usage MUST be specified as a local DATE-TIME value in
UTC time.
The optional "COMMENT" property is also allowed for descriptive
explanatory text.
Example: The following are examples of the "VTIMEZONE" calendar
component:
This is an example showing time zone information for the Eastern
United States using "RDATE" property. Note that this is only suitable
for a recurring event that starts on or later than April 6, 1997 at
03:00:00 EDT (i.e., the earliest effective transition date and time)
and ends no later than April 7, 1998 02:00:00 EST (i.e., latest valid
date and time for EST in this scenario). For example, this can be
used for a recurring event that occurs every Friday, 8am-9:00 AM,
starting June 1, 1997, ending December 31, 1997.
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Formal Definition: A "VALARM" calendar component is defined by the
following notation:
alarmc = "BEGIN" ":" "VALARM" CRLF
(audioprop / dispprop / emailprop / procprop)
"END" ":" "VALARM" CRLF
audioprop = 2*(
; 'action' and 'trigger' are both REQUIRED,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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description /
; the following is optional,
; and MAY occur more than once
x-prop
)
Description: A "VALARM" calendar component is a grouping of component
properties that is a reminder or alarm for an event or a to-do. For
example, it may be used to define a reminder for a pending event or
an overdue to-do.
The "VALARM" calendar component MUST include the "ACTION" and
"TRIGGER" properties. The "ACTION" property further constrains the
"VALARM" calendar component in the following ways:
When the action is "AUDIO", the alarm can also include one and only
one "ATTACH" property, which MUST point to a sound resource, which is
rendered when the alarm is triggered.
When the action is "DISPLAY", the alarm MUST also include a
"DESCRIPTION" property, which contains the text to be displayed when
the alarm is triggered.
When the action is "EMAIL", the alarm MUST include a "DESCRIPTION"
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subject, and one or more "ATTENDEE" properties, which contain the
email address of attendees to receive the message. It can also
include one or more "ATTACH" properties, which are intended to be
sent as message attachments. When the alarm is triggered, the email
message is sent.
When the action is "PROCEDURE", the alarm MUST include one and only
one "ATTACH" property, which MUST point to a procedure resource,
which is invoked when the alarm is triggered.
The "VALARM" calendar component MUST only appear within either a
"VEVENT" or "VTODO" calendar component. "VALARM" calendar components
cannot be nested. Multiple mutually independent "VALARM" calendar
components can be specified for a single "VEVENT" or "VTODO" calendar
component.
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The "TRIGGER" property specifies when the alarm will be triggered.
The "TRIGGER" property specifies a duration prior to the start of an
event or a to-do. The "TRIGGER" edge may be explicitly set to be
relative to the "START" or "END" of the event or to-do with the
"RELATED" parameter of the "TRIGGER" property. The "TRIGGER" property
value type can alternatively be set to an absolute calendar date and
time of day value.
In an alarm set to trigger on the "START" of an event or to-do, the
"DTSTART" property MUST be present in the associated event or to-do.
In an alarm in a "VEVENT" calendar component set to trigger on the
"END" of the event, either the "DTEND" property MUST be present, or
the "DTSTART" and "DURATION" properties MUST both be present. In an
alarm in a "VTODO" calendar component set to trigger on the "END" of
the to-do, either the "DUE" property MUST be present, or the
"DTSTART" and "DURATION" properties MUST both be present.
The alarm can be defined such that it triggers repeatedly. A
definition of an alarm with a repeating trigger MUST include both the
"DURATION" and "REPEAT" properties. The "DURATION" property specifies
the delay period, after which the alarm will repeat. The "REPEAT"
property specifies the number of additional repetitions that the
alarm will triggered. This repitition count is in addition to the
initial triggering of the alarm. Both of these properties MUST be
present in order to specify a repeating alarm. If one of these two
properties is absent, then the alarm will not repeat beyond the
initial trigger.
The "ACTION" property is used within the "VALARM" calendar component
to specify the type of action invoked when the alarm is triggered.
The "VALARM" properties provide enough information for a specific
action to be invoked. It is typically the responsibility of a
"Calendar User Agent" (CUA) to deliver the alarm in the specified
fashion. An "ACTION" property value of AUDIO specifies an alarm that
causes a sound to be played to alert the user; DISPLAY specifies an
alarm that causes a text message to be displayed to the user; EMAIL
specifies an alarm that causes an electronic email message to be
delivered to one or more email addresses; and PROCEDURE specifies an
alarm that causes a procedure to be executed. The "ACTION" property
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action, such as playing a built-in default sound, or playing no sound
at all.
In a DISPLAY alarm, the intended alarm effect is for the text value
of the "DESCRIPTION" property to be displayed to the user.
In an EMAIL alarm, the intended alarm effect is for an email message
to be composed and delivered to all the addresses specified by the
"ATTENDEE" properties in the "VALARM" calendar component. The
"DESCRIPTION" property of the "VALARM" calendar component MUST be
used as the body text of the message, and the "SUMMARY" property MUST
be used as the subject text. Any "ATTACH" properties in the "VALARM"
calendar component SHOULD be sent as attachments to the message.
In a PROCEDURE alarm, the "ATTACH" property in the "VALARM" calendar
component MUST specify a procedure or program that is intended to be
invoked as the alarm effect. If the procedure or program is in a
format that cannot be rendered, then no procedure alarm will be
invoked. If the "DESCRIPTION" property is present, its value
specifies the argument string to be passed to the procedure or
program. "Calendar User Agents" that receive an iCalendar object with
this category of alarm, can disable or allow the "Calendar User" to
disable, or otherwise ignore this type of alarm. While a very useful
alarm capability, the PROCEDURE type of alarm SHOULD be treated by
the "Calendar User Agent" as a potential security risk.
Example: The following example is for a "VALARM" calendar component
that specifies an audio alarm that will sound at a precise time and
repeat 4 more times at 15 minute intervals:
BEGIN:VALARM
TRIGGER;VALUE=DATE-TIME:19970317T133000Z
REPEAT:4
DURATION:PT15M
ACTION:AUDIO
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=audio/basic:ftp://host.com/pub/sounds/bell-01.aud
END:VALARM
The following example is for a "VALARM" calendar component that
specifies a display alarm that will trigger 30 minutes before the
scheduled start of the event or the due date/time of the to-do it is
associated with and will repeat 2 more times at 15 minute intervals:
BEGIN:VALARM
TRIGGER:-PT30M
REPEAT:2
DURATION:PT15M
ACTION:DISPLAY
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
DESCRIPTION:Breakfast meeting with executive\n
team at 8:30 AM EST.
END:VALARM
The following example is for a "VALARM" calendar component that
specifies an email alarm that will trigger 2 days before the
scheduled due date/time of a to-do it is associated with. It does not
repeat. The email has a subject, body and attachment link.
BEGIN:VALARM
TRIGGER:-P2D
ACTION:EMAIL
ATTENDEE:MAILTO:john_doe@host.com
SUMMARY:*** REMINDER: SEND AGENDA FOR WEEKLY STAFF MEETING ***
DESCRIPTION:A draft agenda needs to be sent out to the attendees
to the weekly managers meeting (MGR-LIST). Attached is a
pointer the document template for the agenda file.
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=application/binary:http://host.com/templates/agen
da.doc
END:VALARM
The following example is for a "VALARM" calendar component that
specifies a procedural alarm that will trigger at a precise date/time
and will repeat 23 more times at one hour intervals. The alarm will
invoke a procedure file.
BEGIN:VALARM
TRIGGER;VALUE=DATE-TIME:19980101T050000Z
REPEAT:23
DURATION:PT1H
ACTION:PROCEDURE
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=application/binary:ftp://host.com/novo-
procs/felizano.exe
END:VALARM
4.7 Calendar Properties
The Calendar Properties are attributes that apply to the iCalendar
object, as a whole. These properties do not appear within a calendar
component. They SHOULD be specified after the "BEGIN:VCALENDAR"
property and prior to any calendar component.
4.7.1 Calendar Scale
Property Name: CALSCALE
Purpose: This property defines the calendar scale used for the
calendar information specified in the iCalendar object.
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Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: Property can be specified in an iCalendar object. The
default value is "GREGORIAN".
Description: This memo is based on the Gregorian calendar scale. The
Gregorian calendar scale is assumed if this property is not specified
in the iCalendar object. It is expected that other calendar scales
will be defined in other specifications or by future versions of this
memo.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
calscale = "CALSCALE" calparam ":" calvalue CRLF
calparam = *(";" xparam)
calvalue = "GREGORIAN" / iana-token
Example: The following is an example of this property:
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
4.7.2 Method
Property Name: METHOD
Purpose: This property defines the iCalendar object method associated
with the calendar object.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in an iCalendar object.
Description: When used in a MIME message entity, the value of this
property MUST be the same as the Content-Type "method" parameter
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Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) defined by [ITIP].
If this property is not present in the iCalendar object, then a
scheduling transaction MUST NOT be assumed. In such cases, the
iCalendar object is merely being used to transport a snapshot of some
calendar information; without the intention of conveying a scheduling
semantic.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
method = "METHOD" metparam ":" metvalue CRLF
metparam = *(";" xparam)
metvalue = iana-token
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VERSION:2.0
4.8 Component Properties
The following properties can appear within calendar components, as
specified by each component property definition.
4.8.1 Descriptive Component Properties
The following properties specify descriptive information about
calendar components.
4.8.1.1 Attachment
Property Name: ATTACH
Purpose: The property provides the capability to associate a document
object with a calendar component.
Value Type: The default value type for this property is URI. The
value type can also be set to BINARY to indicate inline binary
encoded content information.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, inline encoding, format type and
value data type property parameters can be specified on this
property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in a "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VALARM" calendar components.
Description: The property can be specified within "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL", or "VALARM" calendar components. This property can be
specified multiple times within an iCalendar object.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
attach = "ATTACH" attparam ":" uri CRLF
attach =/ "ATTACH" attparam ";" "ENCODING" "=" "BASE64"
";" "VALUE" "=" "BINARY" ":" binary
attparam = *(
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ATTACH:CID:jsmith.part3.960817T083000.xyzMail@host1.com
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=application/postscript:ftp://xyzCorp.com/pub/
reports/r-960812.ps
4.8.1.2 Categories
Property Name: CATEGORIES
Purpose: This property defines the categories for a calendar
component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard and language property parameters
can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified within "VEVENT", "VTODO"
or "VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: This property is used to specify categories or subtypes
of the calendar component. The categories are useful in searching for
a calendar component of a particular type and category. Within the
"VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" calendar components, more than one
category can be specified as a list of categories separated by the
COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44).
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
categories = "CATEGORIES" catparam ":" text *("," text)
CRLF
catparam = *(
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CATEGORIES:APPOINTMENT,EDUCATION
CATEGORIES:MEETING
4.8.1.3 Classification
Property Name: CLASS
Purpose: This property defines the access classification for a
calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified once in a "VEVENT",
"VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: An access classification is only one component of the
general security system within a calendar application. It provides a
method of capturing the scope of the access the calendar owner
intends for information within an individual calendar entry. The
access classification of an individual iCalendar component is useful
when measured along with the other security components of a calendar
system (e.g., calendar user authentication, authorization, access
rights, access role, etc.). Hence, the semantics of the individual
access classifications cannot be completely defined by this memo
alone. Additionally, due to the "blind" nature of most exchange
processes using this memo, these access classifications cannot serve
as an enforcement statement for a system receiving an iCalendar
object. Rather, they provide a method for capturing the intention of
the calendar owner for the access to the calendar component.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
class = "CLASS" classparam ":" classvalue CRLF
classparam = *(";" xparam)
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Example: The following is an example of this property:
CLASS:PUBLIC
4.8.1.4 Comment
Property Name: COMMENT
Purpose: This property specifies non-processing information intended
to provide a comment to the calendar user.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL", "VTIMEZONE" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar components.
Description: The property can be specified multiple times.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
comment = "COMMENT" commparam ":" text CRLF
commparam = *(
; the following are optional,
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their site. - - John
The data type for this property is TEXT.
4.8.1.5 Description
Property Name: DESCRIPTION
Purpose: This property provides a more complete description of the
calendar component, than that provided by the "SUMMARY" property.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VALARM" calendar components. The property can be
specified multiple times only within a "VJOURNAL" calendar component.
Description: This property is used in the "VEVENT" and "VTODO" to
capture lengthy textual decriptions associated with the activity.
This property is used in the "VJOURNAL" calendar component to capture
one more textual journal entries.
This property is used in the "VALARM" calendar component to capture
the display text for a DISPLAY category of alarm, to capture the body
text for an EMAIL category of alarm and to capture the argument
string for a PROCEDURE category of alarm.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
description = "DESCRIPTION" descparam ":" text CRLF
descparam = *(
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lines:
DESCRIPTION:Last draft of the new novel is to be completed
for the editor's proof today.
4.8.1.6 Geographic Position
Property Name: GEO
Purpose: This property specifies information related to the global
position for the activity specified by a calendar component.
Value Type: FLOAT. The value MUST be two SEMICOLON separated FLOAT
values.
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT" or "VTODO"
calendar components.
Description: The property value specifies latitude and longitude, in
that order (i.e., "LAT LON" ordering). The longitude represents the
location east or west of the prime meridian as a positive or negative
real number, respectively. The longitude and latitude values MAY be
specified up to six decimal places, which will allow for accuracy to
within one meter of geographical position. Receiving applications
MUST accept values of this precision and MAY truncate values of
greater precision.
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
4.8.1.7 Location
Property Name: LOCATION
Purpose: The property defines the intended venue for the activity
defined by a calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT" or "VTODO"
calendar component.
Description: Specific venues such as conference or meeting rooms may
be explicitly specified using this property. An alternate
representation may be specified that is a URI that points to
directory information with more structured specification of the
location. For example, the alternate representation may specify
either an LDAP URI pointing to an LDAP server entry or a CID URI
pointing to a MIME body part containing a vCard [RFC 2426] for the
location.
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Property Name: PERCENT-COMPLETE
Purpose: This property is used by an assignee or delegatee of a to-do
to convey the percent completion of a to-do to the Organizer.
Value Type: INTEGER
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in a "VTODO" calendar
component.
Description: The property value is a positive integer between zero
and one hundred. A value of "0" indicates the to-do has not yet been
started. A value of "100" indicates that the to-do has been
completed. Integer values in between indicate the percent partially
complete.
When a to-do is assigned to multiple individuals, the property value
indicates the percent complete for that portion of the to-do assigned
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Example: The following is an example of this property to show 39%
completion:
PERCENT-COMPLETE:39
4.8.1.9 Priority
Property Name: PRIORITY
Purpose: The property defines the relative priority for a calendar
component.
Value Type: INTEGER
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Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in a "VEVENT" or "VTODO"
calendar component.
Description: The priority is specified as an integer in the range
zero to nine. A value of zero (US-ASCII decimal 48) specifies an
undefined priority. A value of one (US-ASCII decimal 49) is the
highest priority. A value of two (US-ASCII decimal 50) is the second
highest priority. Subsequent numbers specify a decreasing ordinal
priority. A value of nine (US-ASCII decimal 58) is the lowest
priority.
A CUA with a three-level priority scheme of "HIGH", "MEDIUM" and
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A CUA with a priority schema of "A1", "A2", "A3", "B1", "B2", ...,
"C3" is mapped into this property such that a property value of one
(US-ASCII decimal 49) specifies "A1", a property value of two (US-
ASCII decimal 50) specifies "A2", a property value of three (US-ASCII
decimal 51) specifies "A3", and so forth up to a property value of 9
(US-ASCII decimal 58) specifies "C3".
Other integer values are reserved for future use.
Within a "VEVENT" calendar component, this property specifies a
priority for the event. This property may be useful when more than
one event is scheduled for a given time period.
Within a "VTODO" calendar component, this property specified a
priority for the to-do. This property is useful in prioritizing
multiple action items for a given time period.
Format Definition: The property is specified by the following
notation:
priority = "PRIORITY" prioparam ":" privalue CRLF
;Default is zero
prioparam = *(";" xparam)
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Example: The following is an example of a property with no priority.
This is equivalent to not specifying the "PRIORITY" property:
PRIORITY:0
4.8.1.10 Resources
Property Name: RESOURCES
Purpose: This property defines the equipment or resources anticipated
for an activity specified by a calendar entity..
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT" or "VTODO"
calendar component.
Description: The property value is an arbitrary text. More than one
resource can be specified as a list of resources separated by the
COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44).
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
resources = "RESOURCES" resrcparam ":" text *("," text) CRLF
resrcparam = *(
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RESOURCES:EASEL,PROJECTOR,VCR
RESOURCES;LANGUAGE=fr:1 raton-laveur
4.8.1.11 Status
Property Name: STATUS
Purpose: This property defines the overall status or confirmation for
the calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO" or
"VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: In a group scheduled calendar component, the property is
used by the "Organizer" to provide a confirmation of the event to the
"Attendees". For example in a "VEVENT" calendar component, the
"Organizer" can indicate that a meeting is tentative, confirmed or
cancelled. In a "VTODO" calendar component, the "Organizer" can
indicate that an action item needs action, is completed, is in
process or being worked on, or has been cancelled. In a "VJOURNAL"
calendar component, the "Organizer" can indicate that a journal entry
is draft, final or has been cancelled or removed.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
status = "STATUS" statparam] ":" statvalue CRLF
statparam = *(";" xparam)
statvalue = "TENTATIVE" ;Indicates event is
;tentative.
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/ "IN-PROCESS" ;Indicates to-do in process of
/ "CANCELLED" ;Indicates to-do was cancelled.
;Status values for "VTODO".
statvalue =/ "DRAFT" ;Indicates journal is draft.
/ "FINAL" ;Indicates journal is final.
/ "CANCELLED" ;Indicates journal is removed.
;Status values for "VJOURNAL".
Example: The following is an example of this property for a "VEVENT"
calendar component:
STATUS:TENTATIVE
The following is an example of this property for a "VTODO" calendar
component:
STATUS:NEEDS-ACTION
The following is an example of this property for a "VJOURNAL"
calendar component:
STATUS:DRAFT
4.8.1.12 Summary
Property Name: SUMMARY
Purpose: This property defines a short summary or subject for the
calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VALARM" calendar components.
Description: This property is used in the "VEVENT", "VTODO" and
"VJOURNAL" calendar components to capture a short, one line summary
about the activity or journal entry.
This property is used in the "VALARM" calendar component to capture
the subject of an EMAIL category of alarm.
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)
Example: The following is an example of this property:
SUMMARY:Department Party
4.8.2 Date and Time Component Properties
The following properties specify date and time related information in
calendar components.
4.8.2.1 Date/Time Completed
Property Name: COMPLETED
Purpose: This property defines the date and time that a to-do was
actually completed.
Value Type: DATE-TIME
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in a "VTODO" calendar
component.
Description: The date and time MUST be in a UTC format.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
completed = "COMPLETED" compparam ":" date-time CRLF
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compparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is an example of this property:
COMPLETED:19960401T235959Z
4.8.2.2 Date/Time End
Property Name: DTEND
Purpose: This property specifies the date and time that a calendar
component ends.
Value Type: The default value type is DATE-TIME. The value type can
be set to a DATE value type.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type, time zone
identifier property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT" or
"VFREEBUSY" calendar components.
Description: Within the "VEVENT" calendar component, this property
defines the date and time by which the event ends. The value MUST be
later in time than the value of the "DTSTART" property.
Within the "VFREEBUSY" calendar component, this property defines the
end date and time for the free or busy time information. The time
MUST be specified in the UTC time format. The value MUST be later in
time than the value of the "DTSTART" property.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
dtend = "DTEND" dtendparam":" dtendval CRLF
dtendparam = *(
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Purpose: This property defines the date and time that a to-do is
expected to be completed.
Value Type: The default value type is DATE-TIME. The value type can
be set to a DATE value type.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type, time zone
identifier property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified once in a "VTODO" calendar
component.
Description: The value MUST be a date/time equal to or after the
DTSTART value, if specified.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
due = "DUE" dueparam":" dueval CRLF
dueparam = *(
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;Value MUST match value type
Example: The following is an example of this property:
DUE:19980430T235959Z
4.8.2.4 Date/Time Start
Property Name: DTSTART
Purpose: This property specifies when the calendar component begins.
Value Type: The default value type is DATE-TIME. The time value MUST
be one of the forms defined for the DATE-TIME value type. The value
type can be set to a DATE value type.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type, time zone
identifier property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VFREEBUSY", or "VTIMEZONE" calendar components.
Description: Within the "VEVENT" calendar component, this property
defines the start date and time for the event. The property is
REQUIRED in "VEVENT" calendar components. Events can have a start
date/time but no end date/time. In that case, the event does not take
up any time.
Within the "VFREEBUSY" calendar component, this property defines the
start date and time for the free or busy time information. The time
MUST be specified in UTC time.
Within the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component, this property defines the
effective start date and time for a time zone specification. This
property is REQUIRED within each STANDARD and DAYLIGHT part included
in "VTIMEZONE" calendar components and MUST be specified as a local
DATE-TIME without the "TZID" property parameter.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
dtstart = "DTSTART" dtstparam ":" dtstval CRLF
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Property Name: DURATION
Purpose: The property specifies a positive duration of time.
Value Type: DURATION
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VFREEBUSY" or "VALARM" calendar components.
Description: In a "VEVENT" calendar component the property may be
used to specify a duration of the event, instead of an explicit end
date/time. In a "VTODO" calendar component the property may be used
to specify a duration for the to-do, instead of an explicit due
date/time. In a "VFREEBUSY" calendar component the property may be
used to specify the interval of free time being requested. In a
"VALARM" calendar component the property may be used to specify the
delay period prior to repeating an alarm.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
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Purpose: The property defines one or more free or busy time
intervals.
Value Type: PERIOD. The date and time values MUST be in an UTC time
format.
Property Parameters: Non-standard or free/busy time type property
parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in a "VFREEBUSY" calendar
component.
Property Parameter: "FBTYPE" and non-standard parameters can be
specified on this property.
Description: These time periods can be specified as either a start
and end date-time or a start date-time and duration. The date and
time MUST be a UTC time format.
"FREEBUSY" properties within the "VFREEBUSY" calendar component
SHOULD be sorted in ascending order, based on start time and then end
time, with the earliest periods first.
The "FREEBUSY" property can specify more than one value, separated by
the COMMA character (US-ASCII decimal 44). In such cases, the
"FREEBUSY" property values SHOULD all be of the same "FBTYPE"
property parameter type (e.g., all values of a particular "FBTYPE"
listed together in a single property).
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property defines whether an event is transparent or not
to busy time searches.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified once in a "VEVENT"
calendar component.
Description: Time Transparency is the characteristic of an event that
determines whether it appears to consume time on a calendar. Events
that consume actual time for the individual or resource associated
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with the calendar SHOULD be recorded as OPAQUE, allowing them to be
detected by free-busy time searches. Other events, which do not take
up the individual's (or resource's) time SHOULD be recorded as
TRANSPARENT, making them invisible to free-busy time searches.
Format Definition: The property is specified by the following
notation:
transp = "TRANSP" tranparam ":" transvalue CRLF
tranparam = *(";" xparam)
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
TRANSP:TRANSPARENT
The following is an example of this property for an event that is
opaque or blocks on free/busy time searches:
TRANSP:OPAQUE
4.8.3 Time Zone Component Properties
The following properties specify time zone information in calendar
components.
4.8.3.1 Time Zone Identifier
Property Name: TZID
Purpose: This property specifies the text value that uniquely
identifies the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified in a "VTIMEZONE"
calendar component.
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Description: This is the label by which a time zone calendar
component is referenced by any iCalendar properties whose data type
is either DATE-TIME or TIME and not intended to specify a UTC or a
"floating" time. The presence of the SOLIDUS character (US-ASCII
decimal 47) as a prefix, indicates that this TZID represents an
unique ID in a globally defined time zone registry (when such
registry is defined).
Note: This document does not define a naming convention for time
zone identifiers. Implementers may want to use the naming
conventions defined in existing time zone specifications such as
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Property Parameters: Non-standard and language property parameters
can be specified on this property.
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Conformance: This property can be specified in a "VTIMEZONE" calendar
component.
Description: This property may be specified in multiple languages; in
order to provide for different language requirements.
Format Definition: This property is defined by the following
notation:
tzname = "TZNAME" tznparam ":" text CRLF
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Conformance: This property MUST be specified in a "VTIMEZONE"
calendar component.
Description: This property specifies the offset which is in use prior
to this time observance. It is used to calculate the absolute time at
which the transition to a given observance takes place. This property
MUST only be specified in a "VTIMEZONE" calendar component. A
"VTIMEZONE" calendar component MUST include this property. The
property value is a signed numeric indicating the number of hours and
possibly minutes from UTC. Positive numbers represent time zones east
of the prime meridian, or ahead of UTC. Negative numbers represent
time zones west of the prime meridian, or behind UTC.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
tzoffsetfrom = "TZOFFSETFROM" frmparam ":" utc-offset
CRLF
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property specifies the offset which is in use in this
time zone observance.
Value Type: UTC-OFFSET
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified in a "VTIMEZONE"
calendar component.
Description: This property specifies the offset which is in use in
this time zone observance. It is used to calculate the absolute time
for the new observance. The property value is a signed numeric
indicating the number of hours and possibly minutes from UTC.
Positive numbers represent time zones east of the prime meridian, or
ahead of UTC. Negative numbers represent time zones west of the prime
meridian, or behind UTC.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: The TZURL provides a means for a VTIMEZONE component to
point to a network location that can be used to retrieve an up-to-
date version of itself.
Value Type: URI
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in a "VTIMEZONE" calendar
component.
Description: The TZURL provides a means for a VTIMEZONE component to
point to a network location that can be used to retrieve an up-to-
date version of itself. This provides a hook to handle changes
government bodies impose upon time zone definitions. Retrieval of
this resource results in an iCalendar object containing a single
VTIMEZONE component and a METHOD property set to PUBLISH.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
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4.8.4 Relationship Component Properties
The following properties specify relationship information in calendar
components.
4.8.4.1 Attendee
Property Name: ATTENDEE
Purpose: The property defines an "Attendee" within a calendar
component.
Value Type: CAL-ADDRESS
Property Parameters: Non-standard, language, calendar user type,
group or list membership, participation role, participation status,
RSVP expectation, delegatee, delegator, sent by, common name or
directory entry reference property parameters can be specified on
this property.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified in an iCalendar object
that specifies a group scheduled calendar entity. This property MUST
NOT be specified in an iCalendar object when publishing the calendar
information (e.g., NOT in an iCalendar object that specifies the
publication of a calendar user's busy time, event, to-do or journal).
This property is not specified in an iCalendar object that specifies
only a time zone definition or that defines calendar entities that
are not group scheduled entities, but are entities only on a single
user's calendar.
Description: The property MUST only be specified within calendar
components to specify participants, non-participants and the chair of
a group scheduled calendar entity. The property is specified within
an "EMAIL" category of the "VALARM" calendar component to specify an
email address that is to receive the email type of iCalendar alarm.
The property parameter CN is for the common or displayable name
associated with the calendar address; ROLE, for the intended role
that the attendee will have in the calendar component; PARTSTAT, for
the status of the attendee's participation; RSVP, for indicating
whether the favor of a reply is requested; CUTYPE, to indicate the
type of calendar user; MEMBER, to indicate the groups that the
attendee belongs to; DELEGATED-TO, to indicate the calendar users
that the original request was delegated to; and DELEGATED-FROM, to
indicate whom the request was delegated from; SENT-BY, to indicate
whom is acting on behalf of the ATTENDEE; and DIR, to indicate the
URI that points to the directory information corresponding to the
attendee. These property parameters can be specified on an "ATTENDEE"
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property in either a "VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" calendar
component. They MUST not be specified in an "ATTENDEE" property in a
"VFREEBUSY" or "VALARM" calendar component. If the LANGUAGE property
parameter is specified, the identified language applies to the CN
parameter.
A recipient delegated a request MUST inherit the RSVP and ROLE values
from the attendee that delegated the request to them.
Multiple attendees can be specified by including multiple "ATTENDEE"
properties within the calendar component.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
attendee = "ATTENDEE" attparam ":" cal-address CRLF
attparam = *(
; the following are optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
ATTENDEE;ROLE=REQ-PARTICIPANT;PARTSTAT=TENTATIVE;DELEGATED-FROM=
"MAILTO:iamboss@host2.com";CN=Henry Cabot:MAILTO:hcabot@
host2.com
ATTENDEE;ROLE=NON-PARTICIPANT;PARTSTAT=DELEGATED;DELEGATED-TO=
"MAILTO:hcabot@host2.com";CN=The Big Cheese:MAILTO:iamboss
@host2.com
ATTENDEE;ROLE=REQ-PARTICIPANT;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED;CN=Jane Doe
:MAILTO:jdoe@host1.com
Example: The following is an example of this property's use when
another calendar user is acting on behalf of the "Attendee":
ATTENDEE;SENT-BY=MAILTO:jan_doe@host1.com;CN=John Smith:MAILTO:
jsmith@host1.com
4.8.4.2 Contact
Property Name: CONTACT
Purpose: The property is used to represent contact information or
alternately a reference to contact information associated with the
calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard, alternate text representation and
language property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in a "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar component.
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Description: The property value consists of textual contact
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
CONTACT;ALTREP="http://host.com/pdi/jdoe.vcf":Jim
Dolittle\, ABC Industries\, +1-919-555-1234
4.8.4.3 Organizer
Property Name: ORGANIZER
Purpose: The property defines the organizer for a calendar component.
Value Type: CAL-ADDRESS
Property Parameters: Non-standard, language, common name, directory
entry reference, sent by property parameters can be specified on this
property.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified in an iCalendar object
that specifies a group scheduled calendar entity. This property MUST
be specified in an iCalendar object that specifies the publication of
a calendar user's busy time. This property MUST NOT be specified in
an iCalendar object that specifies only a time zone definition or
that defines calendar entities that are not group scheduled entities,
but are entities only on a single user's calendar.
Description: The property is specified within the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL calendar components to specify the organizer of a group
scheduled calendar entity. The property is specified within the
"VFREEBUSY" calendar component to specify the calendar user
requesting the free or busy time. When publishing a "VFREEBUSY"
calendar component, the property is used to specify the calendar that
the published busy time came from.
The property has the property parameters CN, for specifying the
common or display name associated with the "Organizer", DIR, for
specifying a pointer to the directory information associated with the
"Organizer", SENT-BY, for specifying another calendar user that is
acting on behalf of the "Organizer". The non-standard parameters may
also be specified on this property. If the LANGUAGE property
parameter is specified, the identified language applies to the CN
parameter value.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
organizer = "ORGANIZER" orgparam ":"
cal-address CRLF
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Example: The following is an example of this property:
ORGANIZER;CN=John Smith:MAILTO:jsmith@host1.com
The following is an example of this property with a pointer to the
directory information associated with the organizer:
ORGANIZER;CN=JohnSmith;DIR="ldap://host.com:6666/o=3DDC%20Associ
ates,c=3DUS??(cn=3DJohn%20Smith)":MAILTO:jsmith@host1.com
The following is an example of this property used by another calendar
user who is acting on behalf of the organizer, with responses
intended to be sent back to the organizer, not the other calendar
user:
ORGANIZER;SENT-BY="MAILTO:jane_doe@host.com":
MAILTO:jsmith@host1.com
4.8.4.4 Recurrence ID
Property Name: RECURRENCE-ID
Purpose: This property is used in conjunction with the "UID" and
"SEQUENCE" property to identify a specific instance of a recurring
"VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" calendar component. The property
value is the effective value of the "DTSTART" property of the
recurrence instance.
Value Type: The default value type for this property is DATE-TIME.
The time format can be any of the valid forms defined for a DATE-TIME
value type. See DATE-TIME value type definition for specific
interpretations of the various forms. The value type can be set to
DATE.
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Property Parameters: Non-standard property, value data type, time
zone identifier and recurrence identifier range parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in an iCalendar object
containing a recurring calendar component.
Description: The full range of calendar components specified by a
recurrence set is referenced by referring to just the "UID" property
value corresponding to the calendar component. The "RECURRENCE-ID"
property allows the reference to an individual instance within the
recurrence set.
If the value of the "DTSTART" property is a DATE type value, then the
value MUST be the calendar date for the recurrence instance.
The date/time value is set to the time when the original recurrence
instance would occur; meaning that if the intent is to change a
Friday meeting to Thursday, the date/time is still set to the
original Friday meeting.
The "RECURRENCE-ID" property is used in conjunction with the "UID"
and "SEQUENCE" property to identify a particular instance of a
recurring event, to-do or journal. For a given pair of "UID" and
"SEQUENCE" property values, the "RECURRENCE-ID" value for a
recurrence instance is fixed. When the definition of the recurrence
set for a calendar component changes, and hence the "SEQUENCE"
property value changes, the "RECURRENCE-ID" for a given recurrence
instance might also change.The "RANGE" parameter is used to specify
the effective range of recurrence instances from the instance
specified by the "RECURRENCE-ID" property value. The default value
for the range parameter is the single recurrence instance only. The
value can also be "THISANDPRIOR" to indicate a range defined by the
given recurrence instance and all prior instances or the value can be
"THISANDFUTURE" to indicate a range defined by the given recurrence
instance and all subsequent instances.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
RECURRENCE-ID;VALUE=DATE:19960401
RECURRENCE-ID;RANGE=THISANDFUTURE:19960120T120000Z
4.8.4.5 Related To
Property Name: RELATED-TO
Purpose: The property is used to represent a relationship or
reference between one calendar component and another.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard and relationship type property
parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified one or more times in the
"VEVENT", "VTODO" or "VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: The property value consists of the persistent, globally
unique identifier of another calendar component. This value would be
represented in a calendar component by the "UID" property.
By default, the property value points to another calendar component
that has a PARENT relationship to the referencing object. The
"RELTYPE" property parameter is used to either explicitly state the
default PARENT relationship type to the referenced calendar component
or to override the default PARENT relationship type and specify
either a CHILD or SIBLING relationship. The PARENT relationship
indicates that the calendar component is a subordinate of the
referenced calendar component. The CHILD relationship indicates that
the calendar component is a superior of the referenced calendar
component. The SIBLING relationship indicates that the calendar
component is a peer of the referenced calendar component.
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Changes to a calendar component referenced by this property can have
an implicit impact on the related calendar component. For example, if
a group event changes its start or end date or time, then the
related, dependent events will need to have their start and end dates
changed in a corresponding way. Similarly, if a PARENT calendar
component is canceled or deleted, then there is an implied impact to
the related CHILD calendar components. This property is intended only
to provide information on the relationship of calendar components. It
is up to the target calendar system to maintain any property
implications of this relationship.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
related = "RELATED-TO" [relparam] ":" text CRLF
relparam = *(
; the following is optional,
; but MUST NOT occur more than once
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Conformance: This property can be specified once in the "VEVENT",
"VTODO", "VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar components.
Description: This property may be used in a calendar component to
convey a location where a more dynamic rendition of the calendar
information associated with the calendar component can be found. This
memo does not attempt to standardize the form of the URI, nor the
format of the resource pointed to by the property value. If the URL
property and Content-Location MIME header are both specified, they
MUST point to the same resource.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
url = "URL" urlparam ":" uri CRLF
urlparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is an example of this property:
URL:http://abc.com/pub/calendars/jsmith/mytime.ics
4.8.4.7 Unique Identifier
Property Name: UID
Purpose: This property defines the persistent, globally unique
identifier for the calendar component.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property MUST be specified in the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar components.
Description: The UID itself MUST be a globally unique identifier. The
generator of the identifier MUST guarantee that the identifier is
unique. There are several algorithms that can be used to accomplish
this. The identifier is RECOMMENDED to be the identical syntax to the
[RFC 822] addr-spec. A good method to assure uniqueness is to put the
domain name or a domain literal IP address of the host on which the
identifier was created on the right hand side of the "@", and on the
left hand side, put a combination of the current calendar date and
time of day (i.e., formatted in as a DATE-TIME value) along with some
other currently unique (perhaps sequential) identifier available on
the system (for example, a process id number). Using a date/time
value on the left hand side and a domain name or domain literal on
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the right hand side makes it possible to guarantee uniqueness since
no two hosts should be using the same domain name or IP address at
the same time. Though other algorithms will work, it is RECOMMENDED
that the right hand side contain some domain identifier (either of
the host itself or otherwise) such that the generator of the message
identifier can guarantee the uniqueness of the left hand side within
the scope of that domain.
This is the method for correlating scheduling messages with the
referenced "VEVENT", "VTODO", or "VJOURNAL" calendar component.
The full range of calendar components specified by a recurrence set
is referenced by referring to just the "UID" property value
corresponding to the calendar component. The "RECURRENCE-ID" property
allows the reference to an individual instance within the recurrence
set.
This property is an important method for group scheduling
applications to match requests with later replies, modifications or
deletion requests. Calendaring and scheduling applications MUST
generate this property in "VEVENT", "VTODO" and "VJOURNAL" calendar
components to assure interoperability with other group scheduling
applications. This identifier is created by the calendar system that
generates an iCalendar object.
Implementations MUST be able to receive and persist values of at
least 255 characters for this property.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
uid = "UID" uidparam ":" text CRLF
uidparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is an example of this property:
UID:19960401T080045Z-4000F192713-0052@host1.com
4.8.5 Recurrence Component Properties
The following properties specify recurrence information in calendar
components.
4.8.5.1 Exception Date/Times
Property Name: EXDATE
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Purpose: This property defines the list of date/time exceptions for a
recurring calendar component.
Value Type: The default value type for this property is DATE-TIME.
The value type can be set to DATE.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type and time zone
identifier property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in an iCalendar object
that includes a recurring calendar component.
Description: The exception dates, if specified, are used in computing
the recurrence set. The recurrence set is the complete set of
recurrence instances for a calendar component. The recurrence set is
generated by considering the initial "DTSTART" property along with
the "RRULE", "RDATE", "EXDATE" and "EXRULE" properties contained
within the iCalendar object. The "DTSTART" property defines the first
instance in the recurrence set. Multiple instances of the "RRULE" and
"EXRULE" properties can also be specified to define more
sophisticated recurrence sets. The final recurrence set is generated
by gathering all of the start date-times generated by any of the
specified "RRULE" and "RDATE" properties, and then excluding any
start date and times which fall within the union of start date and
times generated by any specified "EXRULE" and "EXDATE" properties.
This implies that start date and times within exclusion related
properties (i.e., "EXDATE" and "EXRULE") take precedence over those
specified by inclusion properties (i.e., "RDATE" and "RRULE"). Where
duplicate instances are generated by the "RRULE" and "RDATE"
properties, only one recurrence is considered. Duplicate instances
are ignored.
The "EXDATE" property can be used to exclude the value specified in
"DTSTART". However, in such cases the original "DTSTART" date MUST
still be maintained by the calendaring and scheduling system because
the original "DTSTART" value has inherent usage dependencies by other
properties such as the "RECURRENCE-ID".
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
exdate = "EXDATE" exdtparam ":" exdtval *("," exdtval) CRLF
exdtparam = *(
; the following are optional,
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property defines a rule or repeating pattern for an
exception to a recurrence set.
Value Type: RECUR
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO" or
"VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: The exception rule, if specified, is used in computing
the recurrence set. The recurrence set is the complete set of
recurrence instances for a calendar component. The recurrence set is
generated by considering the initial "DTSTART" property along with
the "RRULE", "RDATE", "EXDATE" and "EXRULE" properties contained
within the iCalendar object. The "DTSTART" defines the first instance
in the recurrence set. Multiple instances of the "RRULE" and "EXRULE"
properties can also be specified to define more sophisticated
recurrence sets. The final recurrence set is generated by gathering
all of the start date-times generated by any of the specified "RRULE"
and "RDATE" properties, and excluding any start date and times which
fall within the union of start date and times generated by any
specified "EXRULE" and "EXDATE" properties. This implies that start
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RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
properties (i.e., "RDATE" and "RRULE"). Where duplicate instances are
generated by the "RRULE" and "RDATE" properties, only one recurrence
is considered. Duplicate instances are ignored.
The "EXRULE" property can be used to exclude the value specified in
"DTSTART". However, in such cases the original "DTSTART" date MUST
still be maintained by the calendaring and scheduling system because
the original "DTSTART" value has inherent usage dependencies by other
properties such as the "RECURRENCE-ID".
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
exrule = "EXRULE" exrparam ":" recur CRLF
exrparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following are examples of this property. Except every
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property defines the list of date/times for a
recurrence set.
Value Type: The default value type for this property is DATE-TIME.
The value type can be set to DATE or PERIOD.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type and time zone
identifier property parameters can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VTIMEZONE" calendar components.
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Description: This property can appear along with the "RRULE" property
to define an aggregate set of repeating occurrences. When they both
appear in an iCalendar object, the recurring events are defined by
the union of occurrences defined by both the "RDATE" and "RRULE".
The recurrence dates, if specified, are used in computing the
recurrence set. The recurrence set is the complete set of recurrence
instances for a calendar component. The recurrence set is generated
by considering the initial "DTSTART" property along with the "RRULE",
"RDATE", "EXDATE" and "EXRULE" properties contained within the
iCalendar object. The "DTSTART" property defines the first instance
in the recurrence set. Multiple instances of the "RRULE" and "EXRULE"
properties can also be specified to define more sophisticated
recurrence sets. The final recurrence set is generated by gathering
all of the start date/times generated by any of the specified "RRULE"
and "RDATE" properties, and excluding any start date/times which fall
within the union of start date/times generated by any specified
"EXRULE" and "EXDATE" properties. This implies that start date/times
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property defines a rule or repeating pattern for
recurring events, to-dos, or time zone definitions.
Value Type: RECUR
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified one or more times in
recurring "VEVENT", "VTODO" and "VJOURNAL" calendar components. It
can also be specified once in each STANDARD or DAYLIGHT sub-component
of the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component.
Description: The recurrence rule, if specified, is used in computing
the recurrence set. The recurrence set is the complete set of
recurrence instances for a calendar component. The recurrence set is
generated by considering the initial "DTSTART" property along with
the "RRULE", "RDATE", "EXDATE" and "EXRULE" properties contained
within the iCalendar object. The "DTSTART" property defines the first
instance in the recurrence set. Multiple instances of the "RRULE" and
"EXRULE" properties can also be specified to define more
sophisticated recurrence sets. The final recurrence set is generated
by gathering all of the start date/times generated by any of the
specified "RRULE" and "RDATE" properties, and excluding any start
date/times which fall within the union of start date/times generated
by any specified "EXRULE" and "EXDATE" properties. This implies that
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 117]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
The "DTSTART" and "DTEND" property pair or "DTSTART" and "DURATION"
property pair, specified within the iCalendar object defines the
first instance of the recurrence. When used with a recurrence rule,
the "DTSTART" and "DTEND" properties MUST be specified in local time
and the appropriate set of "VTIMEZONE" calendar components MUST be
included. For detail on the usage of the "VTIMEZONE" calendar
component, see the "VTIMEZONE" calendar component definition.
Any duration associated with the iCalendar object applies to all
members of the generated recurrence set. Any modified duration for
specific recurrences MUST be explicitly specified using the "RDATE"
property.
Format Definition: This property is defined by the following
notation:
rrule = "RRULE" rrulparam ":" recur CRLF
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 125]
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4.8.6 Alarm Component Properties
The following properties specify alarm information in calendar
components.
4.8.6.1 Action
Property Name: ACTION
Purpose: This property defines the action to be invoked when an alarm
is triggered.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified once in a "VALARM"
calendar component.
Description: Each "VALARM" calendar component has a particular type
of action associated with it. This property specifies the type of
action
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
action = "ACTION" actionparam ":" actionvalue CRLF
actionparam = *(";" xparam)
actionvalue = "AUDIO" / "DISPLAY" / "EMAIL" / "PROCEDURE"
/ iana-token / x-name
Example: The following are examples of this property in a "VALARM"
calendar component:
ACTION:AUDIO
ACTION:DISPLAY
ACTION:PROCEDURE
4.8.6.2 Repeat Count
Property Name: REPEAT
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 126]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Value Type: INTEGER
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in a "VALARM" calendar
component.
Description: If the alarm triggers more than once, then this property
MUST be specified along with the "DURATION" property.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
repeatcnt = "REPEAT" repparam ":" integer CRLF
;Default is "0", zero.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Value Type: The default value type is DURATION. The value type can be
set to a DATE-TIME value type, in which case the value MUST specify a
UTC formatted DATE-TIME value.
Property Parameters: Non-standard, value data type, time zone
identifier or trigger relationship property parameters can be
specified on this property. The trigger relationship property
parameter MUST only be specified when the value type is DURATION.
Conformance: This property MUST be specified in the "VALARM" calendar
component.
Description: Within the "VALARM" calendar component, this property
defines when the alarm will trigger. The default value type is
DURATION, specifying a relative time for the trigger of the alarm.
The default duration is relative to the start of an event or to-do
that the alarm is associated with. The duration can be explicitly set
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 127]
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doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
The "RELATED" property parameter is not valid if the value type of
the property is set to DATE-TIME (i.e., for an absolute date and time
alarm trigger). If a value type of DATE-TIME is specified, then the
property value MUST be specified in the UTC time format. If an
absolute trigger is specified on an alarm for a recurring event or
to-do, then the alarm will only trigger for the specified absolute
date/time, along with any specified repeating instances.
If the trigger is set relative to START, then the "DTSTART" property
MUST be present in the associated "VEVENT" or "VTODO" calendar
component. If an alarm is specified for an event with the trigger set
relative to the END, then the "DTEND" property or the "DSTART" and
"DURATION' properties MUST be present in the associated "VEVENT"
calendar component. If the alarm is specified for a to-do with a
trigger set relative to the END, then either the "DUE" property or
the "DSTART" and "DURATION' properties MUST be present in the
associated "VTODO" calendar component.
Alarms specified in an event or to-do which is defined in terms of a
DATE value type will be triggered relative to 00:00:00 UTC on the
specified date. For example, if "DTSTART:19980205, then the duration
trigger will be relative to19980205T000000Z.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
trigger = "TRIGGER" (trigrel / trigabs)
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
TRIGGER;RELATED=END:P5M
A trigger set to an absolute date/time.
TRIGGER;VALUE=DATE-TIME:19980101T050000Z
4.8.7 Change Management Component Properties
The following properties specify change management information in
calendar components.
4.8.7.1 Date/Time Created
Property Name: CREATED
Purpose: This property specifies the date and time that the calendar
information was created by the calendar user agent in the calendar
store.
Note: This is analogous to the creation date and time for a file
in the file system.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 129]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Value Type: DATE-TIME
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified once in "VEVENT", "VTODO"
or "VJOURNAL" calendar components.
Description: The date and time is a UTC value.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
created = "CREATED" creaparam ":" date-time CRLF
creaparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is an example of this property:
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: The property indicates the date/time that the instance of
the iCalendar object was created.
Value Type: DATE-TIME
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property MUST be included in the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar components.
Description: The value MUST be specified in the UTC time format.
This property is also useful to protocols such as [IMIP] that have
inherent latency issues with the delivery of content. This property
will assist in the proper sequencing of messages containing iCalendar
objects.
This property is different than the "CREATED" and "LAST-MODIFIED"
properties. These two properties are used to specify when the
particular calendar data in the calendar store was created and last
modified. This is different than when the iCalendar object
representation of the calendar service information was created or
last modified.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 130]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Example:
DTSTAMP:19971210T080000Z
4.8.7.3 Last Modified
Property Name: LAST-MODIFIED
Purpose: The property specifies the date and time that the
information associated with the calendar component was last revised
in the calendar store.
Note: This is analogous to the modification date and time for a
file in the file system.
Value Type: DATE-TIME
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in the "EVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VTIMEZONE" calendar components.
Description: The property value MUST be specified in the UTC time
format.
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
last-mod = "LAST-MODIFIED" lstparam ":" date-time CRLF
lstparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is are examples of this property:
LAST-MODIFIED:19960817T133000Z
4.8.7.4 Sequence Number
Property Name: SEQUENCE
Purpose: This property defines the revision sequence number of the
calendar component within a sequence of revisions.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 131]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Value Type: integer
Property Parameters: Non-standard property parameters can be
specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO" or
"VJOURNAL" calendar component.
Description: When a calendar component is created, its sequence
number is zero (US-ASCII decimal 48). It is monotonically incremented
by the "Organizer's" CUA each time the "Organizer" makes a
significant revision to the calendar component. When the "Organizer"
makes changes to one of the following properties, the sequence number
MUST be incremented:
. "DTSTART"
. "DTEND"
. "DUE"
. "RDATE"
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
. "EXDATE"
. "EXRULE"
. "STATUS"
In addition, changes made by the "Organizer" to other properties can
also force the sequence number to be incremented. The "Organizer" CUA
MUST increment the sequence number when ever it makes changes to
properties in the calendar component that the "Organizer" deems will
jeopardize the validity of the participation status of the
"Attendees". For example, changing the location of a meeting from one
locale to another distant locale could effectively impact the
participation status of the "Attendees".
The "Organizer" includes this property in an iCalendar object that it
sends to an "Attendee" to specify the current version of the calendar
component.
The "Attendee" includes this property in an iCalendar object that it
sends to the "Organizer" to specify the version of the calendar
component that the "Attendee" is referring to.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 132]
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doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
requested.
Format Definition: This property is defined by the following
notation:
seq = "SEQUENCE" seqparam ":" integer CRLF
; Default is "0"
seqparam = *(";" xparam)
Example: The following is an example of this property for a calendar
component that was just created by the "Organizer".
SEQUENCE:0
The following is an example of this property for a calendar component
that has been revised two different times by the "Organizer".
SEQUENCE:2
4.8.8 Miscellaneous Component Properties
The following properties specify information about a number of
miscellaneous features of calendar components.
4.8.8.1 Non-standard Properties
Property Name: Any property name with a "X-" prefix
Purpose: This class of property provides a framework for defining
non-standard properties.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard and language property parameters
can be specified on this property.
Conformance: This property can be specified in any calendar
component.
Description: The MIME Calendaring and Scheduling Content Type
provides a "standard mechanism for doing non-standard things". This
extension support is provided for implementers to "push the envelope"
on the existing version of the memo. Extension properties are
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 133]
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Purpose: This property defines the status code returned for a
scheduling request.
Value Type: TEXT
Property Parameters: Non-standard and language property parameters
can be specified on this property.
Conformance: The property can be specified in "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar component.
Description: This property is used to return status code information
related to the processing of an associated iCalendar object. The data
type for this property is TEXT.
The value consists of a short return status component, a longer
return status description component, and optionally a status-specific
data component. The components of the value are separated by the
SEMICOLON character (US-ASCII decimal 59).
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
| 3.xx | Client Error. This class of status code |
| | indicates that the request was not successful.|
| | The error is the result of either a syntax or |
| | a semantic error in the client formatted |
| | request. Request should not be retried until |
| | the condition in the request is corrected. |
|==============+===============================================|
| 4.xx | Scheduling Error. This class of status code |
| | indicates that the request was not successful.|
| | Some sort of error occurred within the |
| | calendaring and scheduling service, not |
| | directly related to the request itself. |
|==============+===============================================|
Format Definition: The property is defined by the following notation:
rstatus = "REQUEST-STATUS" rstatparam ":"
statcode ";" statdesc [";" extdata]
rstatparam = *(
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
REQUEST-STATUS:2.0;Success
REQUEST-STATUS:3.1;Invalid property value;DTSTART:96-Apr-01
REQUEST-STATUS:2.8; Success\, repeating event ignored. Scheduled
as a single event.;RRULE:FREQ=WEEKLY\;INTERVAL=2
REQUEST-STATUS:4.1;Event conflict. Date/time is busy.
REQUEST-STATUS:3.7;Invalid calendar user;ATTENDEE:
MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
5 iCalendar Object Examples
The following examples are provided as an informational source of
illustrative iCalendar objects consistent with this content type.
The following example specifies a three-day conference that begins at
8:00 AM EDT, September 18, 1996 and end at 6:00 PM EDT, September 20,
1996.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
CATEGORIES:CONFERENCE SUMMARY:Networld+Interop Conference
DESCRIPTION:Networld+Interop Conference
and Exhibit\nAtlanta World Congress Center\n
Atlanta, Georgia END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR
The following example specifies a group scheduled meeting that begin
at 8:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998 and end at 9:30 AM EST on March 12,
1998. The "Organizer" has scheduled the meeting with one or more
calendar users in a group. A time zone specification for Eastern
United States has been specified.
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//RDU Software//NONSGML HandCal//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:US-Eastern
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:19981025T020000
RDATE:19981025T020000
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Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 137]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
The following is an example of an iCalendar object passed in a MIME
message with a single body part consisting of a "text/calendar"
Content Type.
TO:jsmith@host1.com
FROM:jdoe@host1.com
MIME-VERSION:1.0
MESSAGE-ID:<id3@host1.com>
CONTENT-TYPE:text/calendar
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
METHOD:xyz
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//ABC Corporation//NONSGML My Product//EN
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:19970324T1200Z
SEQUENCE:0
UID:uid3@host1.com
ORGANIZER:MAILTO:jdoe@host1.com
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
SUMMARY:Calendaring Interoperability Planning Meeting
DESCRIPTION:Discuss how we can test c&s interoperability\n
using iCalendar and other IETF standards.
LOCATION:LDB Lobby
ATTACH;FMTTYPE=application/postscript:ftp://xyzCorp.com/pub/
conf/bkgrnd.ps
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
The following is an example of a to-do due on April 15, 1998. An
audio alarm has been specified to remind the calendar user at noon,
the day before the to-do is expected to be completed and repeat
hourly, four additional times. The to-do definition has been modified
twice since it was initially created.
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//ABC Corporation//NONSGML My Product//EN
BEGIN:VTODO
DTSTAMP:19980130T134500Z
SEQUENCE:2
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
product marketing.\n-Project processes were accepted.\n
-Project schedule needs to account for scheduled holidays
and employee vacation time. Check with HR for specific
dates.\n-New schedule will be distributed by Friday.\n-
Next weeks meeting is cancelled. No meeting until 3/23.
END:VJOURNAL
END:VCALENDAR
The following is an example of published busy time information. The
iCalendar object might be placed in the network resource
www.host.com/calendar/busytime/jsmith.ifb.
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//RDU Software//NONSGML HandCal//EN
BEGIN:VFREEBUSY
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 139]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
ORGANIZER:MAILTO:jsmith@host.com
DTSTART:19980313T141711Z
DTEND:19980410T141711Z
FREEBUSY:19980314T233000Z/19980315T003000Z
FREEBUSY:19980316T153000Z/19980316T163000Z
FREEBUSY:19980318T030000Z/19980318T040000Z
URL:http://www.host.com/calendar/busytime/jsmith.ifb
END:VFREEBUSY
END:VCALENDAR
6 Recommended Practices
These recommended practices should be followed in order to assure
consistent handling of the following cases for an iCalendar object.
1. Content lines longer than 75 octets SHOULD be folded.
2. A calendar entry with a "DTSTART" property but no "DTEND"
property does not take up any time. It is intended to represent
an event that is associated with a given calendar date and time
of day, such as an anniversary. Since the event does not take up
any time, it MUST NOT be used to record busy time no matter what
the value for the "TRANSP" property.
3. When the "DTSTART" and "DTEND", for "VEVENT", "VJOURNAL" and
"VFREEBUSY" calendar components, and "DTSTART" and "DUE", for
"VTODO" calendar components, have the same value data type (e.g.,
DATE-TIME), they SHOULD specify values in the same time format
(e.g., UTC time format).
4. When the combination of the "RRULE" and "RDATE" properties on an
iCalendar object produces multiple instances having the same
start date/time, they should be collapsed to, and considered as,
a single instance.
5. When a calendar user receives multiple requests for the same
calendar component (e.g., REQUEST for a "VEVENT" calendar
component) as a result of being on multiple mailing lists
specified by "ATTENDEE" properties in the request, they SHOULD
respond to only one of the requests. The calendar user SHOULD
also specify (using the "MEMBER" parameter of the "ATTENDEE"
property) which mailing list they are a member of.
6. An implementation can truncate a "SUMMARY" property value to 255
characters.
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
Registration of a new property is accomplished by the following
steps.
7.2.1 Define the property
A property is defined by completing the following template.
To: ietf-calendar@imc.org
Subject: Registration of text/calendar MIME property XXX
Property name:
Property purpose:
Property value type(s):
Property parameter (s):
Conformance:
Description:
Format definition:
Examples:
The meaning of each field in the template is as follows.
Property name: The name of the property, as it will appear in the
body of an text/calendar MIME Content-Type "property: value" line to
the left of the colon ":".
Property purpose: The purpose of the property (e.g., to indicate a
delegate for the event or to-do, etc.). Give a short but clear
description.
Property value type (s): Any of the valid value types for the
property value needs to be specified. The default value type also
needs to be specified. If a new value type is specified, it needs to
be declared in this section.
Property parameter (s): Any of the valid property parameters for the
property needs to be specified.
Conformance: The calendar components that the property can appear in
needs to be specified.
Dawson & Stenerson Standards Track [Page 142]
RFC 2445 iCalendar November 1998
doc/rfc2445.txt view on Meta::CPAN
Format definition: The ABNF for the property definition needs to be
specified.
Examples: One or more examples of instances of the property needs to
be specified.
7.2.2 Post the Property definition
The property description MUST be posted to the new property
discussion list, ietf-calendar@imc.org.
7.2.3 Allow a comment period
Discussion on the new property MUST be allowed to take place on the
list for a minimum of two weeks. Consensus MUST be reached on the
property before proceeding to the next step.
7.2.4 Submit the property for approval
Once the two-week comment period has elapsed, and the proposer is
lib/Data/ICal.pm view on Meta::CPAN
use Class::ReturnValue;
use Text::vFile::asData;
our $VERSION = '0.24';
use Carp;
=head1 NAME
Data::ICal - Generates iCalendar (RFC 2445) calendar files
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Data::ICal;
my $calendar = Data::ICal->new();
my $vtodo = Data::ICal::Entry::Todo->new();
$vtodo->add_properties(
# ... see Data::ICal::Entry::Todo documentation
);
# ... or
$calendar = Data::ICal->new(filename => 'foo.ics'); # parse existing file
$calendar = Data::ICal->new(data => 'BEGIN:VCALENDAR...'); # parse from scalar
$calendar->add_entry($vtodo);
print $calendar->as_string;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal> object represents a C<VCALENDAR> object as defined in the
iCalendar protocol (RFC 2445, MIME type "text/calendar"), as implemented in many
popular calendaring programs such as Apple's iCal.
Each L<Data::ICal> object is a collection of "entries", which are objects of a
subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry>. The types of entries defined by iCalendar
(which refers to them as "components") include events, to-do items, journal
entries, free/busy time indicators, and time zone descriptors; in addition,
events and to-do items can contain alarm entries. (Currently, L<Data::ICal>
only implements to-do items and events.)
L<Data::ICal> is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry>; see its manpage for more
methods applicable to L<Data::ICal>.
lib/Data/ICal.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head2 new [ data => $data, ] [ filename => $file ], [ calname => $string ], [ vcal10 => $bool ], [ rfc_strict => $bool ], [ auto_uid => $bool ]
Creates a new L<Data::ICal> object.
If it is given a filename or data argument is passed, then this parses the
content of the file or string into the object. If the C<vcal10> flag is passed,
parses it according to vCalendar 1.0, not iCalendar 2.0; this in particular impacts
the parsing of continuation lines in quoted-printable sections.
If a calname is passed, sets x-wr-calname to the given string. Although
not specified in RFC2445, most calendar software respects x-wr-calname
as the displayed name of the calendar.
If the C<rfc_strict> flag is set to true, will require Data::ICal to
include UIDs, as per RFC2445:
4.8.4.7 Unique Identifier
... The property MUST be specified in the "VEVENT", "VTODO",
"VJOURNAL" or "VFREEBUSY" calendar components"
If the C<auto_uid> flag is set to true, will automatically generate a
default UID for each type which requires it, based on the RFC-suggested
algorithm. Explicitly-set UID attributes will override this
auto-generated value.
If a filename or data argument is not passed, this just sets the
object's C<VERSION> and C<PRODID> properties to "2.0" (or "1.0" if the
C<vcal10> flag is passed) and the value of the C<product_id> method
respectively.
lib/Data/ICal.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head2 ical_entry_type
Returns C<VCALENDAR>, its iCalendar entry name.
=cut
sub ical_entry_type {'VCALENDAR'}
=head2 product_id
Returns the product ID used in the calendar's C<PRODID> property; you may
wish to override this in a subclass for your own application.
=cut
sub product_id {
my $self = shift;
return "Data::ICal $VERSION";
}
=head2 mandatory_unique_properties
According to the iCalendar standard, the following properties must be specified
exactly one time for a calendar:
prodid version
=cut
sub mandatory_unique_properties {
qw(
prodid version
);
}
=head2 optional_unique_properties
According to the iCalendar standard, the following properties may be specified
at most one time for a calendar:
calscale method
=cut
sub optional_unique_properties {
qw(
calscale method
);
}
lib/Data/ICal.pm view on Meta::CPAN
While L<Data::ICal> tries to check which properties are required and
repeatable, this only works in simple cases; it does not check for
properties that must either both exist or both not exist, or for
mutually exclusive properties.
L<Data::ICal> does not check to see if property parameter names are
known in general or allowed on the particular property.
L<Data::ICal> does not check to see if nested entries are nested
properly (alarms in todos and events only, everything else in
calendars only).
The only property encoding supported by L<Data::ICal> is quoted
printable.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to
C<bug-data-ical@rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
L<http://rt.cpan.org>.
=head1 AUTHOR
lib/Data/ICal/Entry.pm view on Meta::CPAN
Data::ICal::Entry - Represents an entry in an iCalendar file
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $vtodo = Data::ICal::Entry::Todo->new();
$vtodo->add_property(
# ... see Data::ICal::Entry::Todo documentation
);
$vtodo->add_properties( ... );
$calendar->add_entry($vtodo);
$event->add_entry($alarm);
$event->add_entries($alarm1, ...);
# or all in one go
my $vtodo = Data::ICal::Entry::Todo->new( \%props, \@entries );
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry> object represents a single entry in an
iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers to entries as
"components".) iCalendar defines several types of entries, such as
events and to-do lists; each of these corresponds to a subclass of
L<Data::ICal::Entry> (though only to-do lists and events are currently
implemented). L<Data::ICal::Entry> should be treated as an abstract
base class -- all objects created should be of its subclasses. The
entire calendar itself (the L<Data::ICal> object) is also represented
as a L<Data::ICal::Entry> object.
Each entry has an entry type (such as C<VCALENDAR> or C<VEVENT>), a
series of "properties", and possibly some sub-entries. (Only the root
L<Data::ICal> object can have sub-entries, except for alarm entries
contained in events and to-dos (not yet implemented).)
=head1 METHODS
=cut
lib/Data/ICal/Entry.pm view on Meta::CPAN
}
$output .= $self->footer(%args);
return $output;
}
=head2 add_entry $entry
Adds an entry to this entry. (According to the standard, this should
only be called on either a to-do or event entry with an alarm entry,
or on a calendar entry (L<Data::ICal>) with a to-do, event, journal,
timezone, or free/busy entry.)
Returns true if the entry was successfully added, and false otherwise
(perhaps because you tried to add an entry of an invalid type, but
this check hasn't been implemented yet).
=cut
sub add_entry {
my $self = shift;
lib/Data/ICal/Entry.pm view on Meta::CPAN
# recurse through sub-objects
foreach my $sub_object ( @{ $object->{objects} } ) {
$new_self->parse_object($sub_object);
}
return $self;
}
# special because we want to use ourselves as the parent
sub _parse_vcalendar {
my ( $self, $object ) = @_;
$self->_parse_generic_event( $self, $object );
return $self;
}
# mapping of action types to class (under the Data::Ical::Event::Alarm namespace)
my %_action_map = (
AUDIO => 'Audio',
DISPLAY => 'Display',
EMAIL => 'Email',
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/Alarm/None.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $valarm = Data::ICal::Entry::Alarm::None->new();
$vevent->add_entry($valarm);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::Alarm::None> object represents a default alarm
that does nothing; this is different from a lack of alarm, because
clients may be expected to "override" any default alarm present in
calendar data with the current value retrieved from the server. This
class is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry::Alarm> and accepts all of
its methods.
This element is not included in the official iCal RFC, but is rather an
unaccepted draft standard; see
L<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-daboo-valarm-extensions-04#section-11>
B<Its interoperability and support is thus limited.> This is alarm type
is primarily used by Apple.
=head1 METHODS
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/Event.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $vevent = Data::ICal::Entry::Event->new();
$vevent->add_properties(
summary => "my party",
description => "I'll cry if I want to",
# Dat*e*::ICal is not a typo here
dtstart => Date::ICal->new( epoch => time )->ical,
);
$calendar->add_entry($vevent);
$vevent->add_entry($alarm);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::Event> object represents a single event in an
iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers to entries as
"components".) It is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry> and accepts
all of its methods.
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/FreeBusy.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $vfreebusy = Data::ICal::Entry::FreeBusy->new();
$vfreebusy->add_properties(
organizer => 'MAILTO:jsmith@host.com',
# Dat*e*::ICal is not a typo here
freebusy => Date::ICal->new( epoch => ... )->ical . '/' . Date::ICal->new( epoch => ... )->ical,
);
$calendar->add_entry($vfreebusy);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::FreeBusy> object represents a request for
information about free and busy time or a reponse to such a request,
in an iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers to entries
as "components".) It is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry> and
accepts all of its methods.
=head1 METHODS
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/Journal.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $vjournal = Data::ICal::Entry::Journal->new();
$vjournal->add_properties(
summary => "Minutes of my party",
description => "I cried because I wanted to.",
# Dat*e*::ICal is not a typo here
dtstart => Date::ICal->new( epoch => time )->ical,
);
$calendar->add_entry($vjournal);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::Journal> object represents a single journal
entry in an iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers to
entries as "components".) It is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry>
and accepts all of its methods.
=head1 METHODS
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/TimeZone.pm view on Meta::CPAN
my $vtimezone = Data::ICal::Entry::TimeZone->new();
$vtimezone->add_properties(
tzid => "US-Eastern",
tzurl => "http://zones.stds_r_us.net/tz/US-Eastern"
);
$vtimezone->add_entry($daylight); # daylight/ standard not yet implemented
$vtimezone->add_entry($standard); # :-(
$calendar->add_entry($vtimezone);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::TimeZone> object represents the declaration of
a time zone in an iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers
to entries as "components".) It is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry>
and accepts all of its methods.
This module is not yet useful, because every time zone declaration
needs to contain at least one C<STANDARD> or C<DAYLIGHT> component,
lib/Data/ICal/Entry/Todo.pm view on Meta::CPAN
=head1 SYNOPSIS
my $vtodo = Data::ICal::Entry::Todo->new();
$vtodo->add_properties(
summary => "go to sleep",
status => 'INCOMPLETE',
# Dat*e*::ICal is not a typo here
dtstart => Date::ICal->new( epoch => time )->ical,
);
$calendar->add_entry($vtodo);
$vtodo->add_entry($alarm);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
A L<Data::ICal::Entry::Todo> object represents a single to-do entry in
an iCalendar file. (Note that the iCalendar RFC refers to entries as
"components".) It is a subclass of L<Data::ICal::Entry> and accepts
all of its methods.
lib/Data/ICal/Property.pm view on Meta::CPAN
Returns the property formatted as a string (including trailing
newline).
Takes named arguments:
=over
=item fold
Defaults to true. pass in a false value if you need to generate
non-rfc-compliant calendars.
=item crlf
Defaults to C<\x0d\x0a>, per RFC 2445 spec. This option is primarily
for backwards compatibility with version of this module prior to 0.16,
which used C<\x0a>.
=back
=cut
t/08.parse.t view on Meta::CPAN
my $cal;
$cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/nonexistent.ics');
ok((not $cal), "Caught no file death");
$cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/badlyformed.ics');
ok((not $cal), "Caught badly formed ics file death");
$cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/noversion.ics');
ok((not $cal), "rejected calendar without required version property");
$cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/test.ics');
isa_ok($cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($cal);
my $data = $cal->as_string;
like($data, qr/^BEGIN:VCALENDAR/, "looks like a calendar");
my $roundtripped_from_data_cal = Data::ICal->new(data => $data);
isa_ok($roundtripped_from_data_cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($roundtripped_from_data_cal);
SKIP: {
my $CAL_FILENAME = "t/ics/out.ics";
skip "Can't create $CAL_FILENAME: $!", 1 + TESTS_IN_TEST_CALENDAR unless open my $fh,'>', $CAL_FILENAME;
print $fh $cal->as_string;
close $fh;
my $roundtripped_cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => $CAL_FILENAME);
isa_ok($roundtripped_cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($roundtripped_cal);
unlink $CAL_FILENAME;
}
sub test_calendar {
my $s = shift;
is($s->ical_entry_type, 'VCALENDAR', "Is a VCALENDAR");
my $id = $s->property('prodid')->[0]->value;
my $name = $s->property('x-wr-calname')->[0]->value;
is($id,'Data::ICal test', 'Got id');
is($name,'Data::ICal test calendar', 'Got name');
my @entries = @{$s->entries};
is(@entries,2,"Correct number of entries");
my ($event, $timezone);
for (@entries) {
if ( $_->ical_entry_type eq 'VEVENT' ) {
$event = $_;
} elsif ( $_->ical_entry_type eq 'VTIMEZONE' ) {
t/12.verson1.t view on Meta::CPAN
use Test::Warn;
BEGIN { use_ok('Data::ICal') }
my $cal;
warnings_are { $cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/version1.ics') }
[ {carped => "Unknown property for Data::ICal::Entry::Event: dcreated"},
{carped => "Unknown property for Data::ICal::Entry::Event: malarm"} ],
"Got a warning for fake property set";
ok((not $cal), "rejected calendar with version property value 1.0");
warnings_are { $cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/test.ics', vcal10 => 1) }
[ {carped => "Unknown property for Data::ICal::Entry::Event: duration"} ],
"Got a warning for fake property set";
ok((not $cal), "rejected calendar with version property value 2.0");
require Test::NoWarnings;
$cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => 't/ics/version1.ics', vcal10 => 1);
isa_ok($cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($cal);
my $data = $cal->as_string;
like($data, qr/^BEGIN:VCALENDAR/, "looks like a calendar");
my $roundtripped_from_data_cal = Data::ICal->new(data => $data, vcal10 => 1);
isa_ok($roundtripped_from_data_cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($roundtripped_from_data_cal);
SKIP: {
my $CAL_FILENAME = "t/ics/out.ics";
skip "Can't create $CAL_FILENAME: $!", 1 + TESTS_IN_TEST_CALENDAR unless open my $fh,'>', $CAL_FILENAME;
print $fh $cal->as_string;
close $fh;
my $roundtripped_cal = Data::ICal->new(filename => $CAL_FILENAME, vcal10 => 1);
isa_ok($roundtripped_cal, 'Data::ICal');
test_calendar($roundtripped_cal);
unlink $CAL_FILENAME;
}
Test::NoWarnings::had_no_warnings();
sub test_calendar {
my $s = shift;
is($s->ical_entry_type, 'VCALENDAR', "Is a VCALENDAR");
my $id = $s->property('prodid')->[0]->value;
is($id,'-//Mirapoint Calendar', 'Got id');
my @entries = @{$s->entries};
is(@entries,1,"Correct number of entries");
my $event;
t/ics/noversion.ics view on Meta::CPAN
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
X-WR-CALNAME:Data::ICal test calendar
PRODID:Data::ICal test
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Europe/London
LAST-MODIFIED:20050716T111510Z
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
DTSTART:20030330T020000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZNAME:BST
END:DAYLIGHT
t/ics/test.ics view on Meta::CPAN
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
X-WR-CALNAME:Data::ICal test calendar
PRODID:Data::ICal test
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Europe/London
LAST-MODIFIED:20050716T111510Z
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
DTSTART:20030330T020000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZNAME:BST
END:DAYLIGHT
( run in 2.880 seconds using v1.01-cache-2.11-cpan-39bf76dae61 )