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of computation where previously intractable problems find themselves open
to easy solution.
 
While the detailed results of quantum theory are hard to prove, and
even harder to understand, there are a handful of concepts from the
theory which are more easily understood.  Hopefully this module will
shed some light on a few of these and their consequences.
 
One of the more popular interpretations of quantum mechanics holds that
instead of particles always being in a single, well defined, state
they instead exist as an almost ghostly overlay of many different
states (or values) at the same time.  Of course, it is our experience
that when we look at something, we only ever find it in one single state.
This is explained by the many states of the particle collapsing to a
single state and highlights the importance of observation.
 
In quantum mechanics, the
state of a system can be described by a set of numbers which have
a probability amplitude associated with them.
This probability amplitude is similar to the normal idea of probability
except for two differences.  It can be a complex number, which leads