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=head2 /etc/group

Cygwin does not require F</etc/group>, in which case the F<op/grent.t>
test will be skipped.  The check performed by F<op/grent.t> expects to
see entries that use the members field, otherwise this test will fail:

  Failed Test           List of failed
  ------------------------------------
  op/grent.t            1

=head2 Script Portability

Cygwin does an outstanding job of providing UNIX-like semantics on top of
Win32 systems.  However, in addition to the items noted above, there are
some differences that you should know about.  This is a very brief guide
to portability, more information can be found in the Cygwin documentation.

=over 4

=item * Pathnames

Cygwin pathnames can be separated by forward (F</>) or backward (F<\>)
slashes.  They may also begin with drive letters (F<C:>) or Universal
Naming Codes (F<//UNC>).  DOS device names (F<aux>, F<con>, F<prn>,
F<com*>, F<lpt?>, F<nul>) are invalid as base filenames.  However, they
can be used in extensions (e.g., F<hello.aux>).  Names may contain all
printable characters except these:

  : * ? " < > |

File names are case insensitive, but case preserving.  A pathname that
contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject
to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames).

=item * Text/Binary

When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode.  In text mode
a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations.  With Cygwin, the default
mode for an open() is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies
the file.  Perl provides a binmode() function to set binary mode on files
that otherwise would be treated as text.  sysopen() with the C<O_TEXT>
flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as binary:

    sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)

lseek(), tell() and sysseek() only work with files opened in binary mode.

The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin documentation.

=item * F<.exe>

The Cygwin stat(), lstat() and readlink() functions make the F<.exe>
extension transparent by looking for F<foo.exe> when you ask for F<foo>
(unless a F<foo> also exists).  Cygwin does not require a F<.exe>
extension, but I<gcc> adds it automatically when building a program.
However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., I<cp>
in a makefile) the F<.exe> is not transparent.  The I<install> included
with Cygwin automatically appends a F<.exe> when necessary.

=item * chown()

On WinNT chown() can change a file's user and group IDs.  On Win9x chown()
is a no-op, although this is appropriate since there is no security model.

=item * Miscellaneous

File locking using the C<F_GETLK> command to fcntl() is a stub that
returns C<ENOSYS>.

Win9x can not rename() an open file (although WinNT can).

The Cygwin chroot() implementation has holes (it can not restrict file
access by native Win32 programs).

=back

=head1 INSTALL

This will install Perl, including I<man> pages.

  make install | tee log.make-install

NOTE: If C<STDERR> is redirected `C<make install>' will B<not> prompt
you to install I<perl> into F</usr/bin>.

You may need to be I<Administrator> to run `C<make install>'.  If you
are not, you must have write access to the directories in question.

Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be
found in the F<INSTALL> document.

=head1 MANIFEST

These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to Cygwin.
These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all conditional
code.  Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the Cygwin port to
be kept as clean as possible.

=over 4

=item Documentation

  INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST
  Changes Changes5.005 Changes5.004 Changes5.6
  pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod
  pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod
  pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod pod/buildtoc.PL pod/perltoc.pod

=item Build, Configure, Make, Install

  cygwin/Makefile.SHs
  cygwin/ld2.in
  cygwin/perlld.in
  ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
  ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
  ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
  hints/cygwin.sh
  Configure             - help finding hints from uname,
                          shared libperl required for dynamic loading
  Makefile.SH           - linklibperl
  Porting/patchls       - cygwin in port list
  installman            - man pages with :: translated to .