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	my $dog      = IT::Dog->new();
	my $cat      = IT::Cat->new();

	my $sparrow;
	enforcement_on { lives_ok { $sparrow = IT::Sparrow->new() } 'sparrow created' };

	# Every object must be blessed (confirmed via Scalar::Util::blessed)
	ok blessed($car),     'IT::Car object satisfies blessed()';
	ok blessed($truck),   'IT::Truck object satisfies blessed()';
	ok blessed($dog),     'IT::Dog object satisfies blessed()';
	ok blessed($cat),     'IT::Cat object satisfies blessed()';
};

# ===========================================================================
# INTEGRATION: blessed abstract-class object used as new() invocant
#
# When an existing object of an abstract class is used as invocant to new(),
# new() extracts the class via blessed() and then checks if that class is
# abstract.  With enforcement on, the croak fires because the extracted
# class IS the abstract class.
# ===========================================================================

subtest 'end-to-end: blessed abstract instance as new() invocant causes croak' => sub {
	plan tests => 3;

	# Create an abstract instance using bypass (to get past enforcement)
	my $abstract_obj;
	{
		local $Class::Abstract::BYPASS = 1;
		$abstract_obj = IT::Vehicle->new();
	}

	ok blessed($abstract_obj), 'precondition: abstract instance created under bypass';
	is ref($abstract_obj), 'IT::Vehicle',
		'precondition: instance is blessed into IT::Vehicle (abstract)';

	# With enforcement on, passing this object to new() must croak
	enforcement_on {
		throws_ok { Class::Abstract::new($abstract_obj) }
			qr/Cannot instantiate abstract class IT::Vehicle directly/,
			'new(blessed abstract obj) croaks after extracting abstract class from blessed ref';
	};
};

# ===========================================================================
# INTEGRATION: production context across full hierarchy
#
# Simulates running outside a harness (HARNESS_ACTIVE unset, harness_bypass=1)
# with no BYPASS.  This is the default deployment scenario.
# ===========================================================================

subtest 'end-to-end: enforcement in production context (no harness, default settings)' => sub {
	plan tests => 3;

	# Production: BYPASS=0, harness_bypass=1 (default), HARNESS_ACTIVE='' (no harness)
	{
		local $Class::Abstract::BYPASS                 = 0;
		local $Class::Abstract::config{harness_bypass} = 1;
		local $ENV{HARNESS_ACTIVE}                     = '';

		# Abstract class must be blocked
		throws_ok { IT::Vehicle->new() }
			qr/Cannot instantiate abstract class IT::Vehicle directly/,
			'abstract IT::Vehicle blocked in production context';

		# Concrete subclass must succeed
		lives_ok { IT::Car->new() }
			'concrete IT::Car succeeds in production context';
	}

	# Multi-level: IT::Animal (abstract), IT::Mammal (also abstract), IT::Dog (concrete)
	{
		local $Class::Abstract::BYPASS                 = 0;
		local $Class::Abstract::config{harness_bypass} = 1;
		local $ENV{HARNESS_ACTIVE}                     = '';

		lives_ok { IT::Dog->new() }
			'IT::Dog (two levels from abstract) succeeds in production context';
	}
};

done_testing;