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  <title>The Usenet Article Format and Protocols</title>
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<h1>The Usenet Article Format and Protocols</h1>

<blockquote class="quote"><p class="short">
    Usenet interprets management as damage and routes around it.
</p><p class="attribution">
    Peter da Silva
</p></blockquote>

<h2>Standards</h2>

<p>
The current standard for the format of Usenet (Netnews) articles is
<a href="rfcs/rfc5536.txt">RFC 5536</a>, published in November of 2009.  The
standard for the architecture and protocols of Netnews, including how
articles are modified and checked when traveling from system to system, is
<a href="rfcs/rfc5537.txt">RFC 5537</a>, published at the same time.  I was the
document editor for RFC 5537.  Both of these documents are built on
<a href="rfcs/rfc5322.txt">RFC 5322</a>, the current standard for mail messages.
Netnews articles are compliant mail messages with some additional fields
and a few additional restrictions.
</p>

<p>
These RFCs obsolete the previous standard for the format of Usenet
articles, <a href="rfcs/rfc1036.txt">RFC 1036</a>, and the draft document known
as "Son-of-1036" which was published as <a href="rfcs/rfc1849.txt">RFC 1849</a>.
All software should now follow the newer standards, but RFC 1036 and RFC
1849 may be of interest in understanding the behavior of older standards.
</p>

<p>
There is one additional Netnews-specific RFC: <a href="rfcs/rfc8315.txt">RFC
8315</a>, which standardizes Cancel-Locks for Netnews articles.
</p>

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