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    QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryRegion) subregions_link;
    QTAILQ_HEAD(coalesced_ranges, CoalescedMemoryRange) coalesced;
    const char *name;
    uint8_t dirty_log_mask;
    unsigned ioeventfd_nb;
    MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds;
    NotifierList iommu_notify;
};

typedef struct MemoryListener MemoryListener;

/**
 * MemoryListener: callbacks structure for updates to the physical memory map
 *
 * Allows a component to adjust to changes in the guest-visible memory map.
 * Use with memory_listener_register() and memory_listener_unregister().
 */
struct MemoryListener {
    void (*begin)(MemoryListener *listener);
    void (*commit)(MemoryListener *listener);
    void (*region_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*region_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*region_nop)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*log_start)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*log_stop)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*log_sync)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section);
    void (*log_global_start)(MemoryListener *listener);
    void (*log_global_stop)(MemoryListener *listener);
    void (*eventfd_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
                        bool match_data, uint64_t data, EventNotifier *e);
    void (*eventfd_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
                        bool match_data, uint64_t data, EventNotifier *e);
    void (*coalesced_mmio_add)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
                               hwaddr addr, hwaddr len);
    void (*coalesced_mmio_del)(MemoryListener *listener, MemoryRegionSection *section,
                               hwaddr addr, hwaddr len);
    /* Lower = earlier (during add), later (during del) */
    unsigned priority;
    AddressSpace *address_space_filter;
    QTAILQ_ENTRY(MemoryListener) link;
};

/**
 * AddressSpace: describes a mapping of addresses to #MemoryRegion objects
 */
struct AddressSpace {
    /* All fields are private. */
    char *name;
    MemoryRegion *root;
    struct FlatView *current_map;
    int ioeventfd_nb;
    struct MemoryRegionIoeventfd *ioeventfds;
    struct AddressSpaceDispatch *dispatch;
    struct AddressSpaceDispatch *next_dispatch;
    MemoryListener dispatch_listener;

    QTAILQ_ENTRY(AddressSpace) address_spaces_link;
};

/**
 * MemoryRegionSection: describes a fragment of a #MemoryRegion
 *
 * @mr: the region, or %NULL if empty
 * @address_space: the address space the region is mapped in
 * @offset_within_region: the beginning of the section, relative to @mr's start
 * @size: the size of the section; will not exceed @mr's boundaries
 * @offset_within_address_space: the address of the first byte of the section
 *     relative to the region's address space
 * @readonly: writes to this section are ignored
 */
struct MemoryRegionSection {
    MemoryRegion *mr;
    AddressSpace *address_space;
    hwaddr offset_within_region;
    Int128 size;
    hwaddr offset_within_address_space;
    bool readonly;
};

/**
 * memory_region_init: Initialize a memory region
 *
 * The region typically acts as a container for other memory regions.  Use
 * memory_region_add_subregion() to add subregions.
 *
 * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized
 * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
 * @name: used for debugging; not visible to the user or ABI
 * @size: size of the region; any subregions beyond this size will be clipped
 */
void memory_region_init(MemoryRegion *mr,
                        struct Object *owner,
                        const char *name,
                        uint64_t size);

/**
 * memory_region_ref: Add 1 to a memory region's reference count
 *
 * Whenever memory regions are accessed outside the BQL, they need to be
 * preserved against hot-unplug.  MemoryRegions actually do not have their
 * own reference count; they piggyback on a QOM object, their "owner".
 * This function adds a reference to the owner.
 *
 * All MemoryRegions must have an owner if they can disappear, even if the
 * device they belong to operates exclusively under the BQL.  This is because
 * the region could be returned at any time by memory_region_find, and this
 * is usually under guest control.
 *
 * @mr: the #MemoryRegion
 */
void memory_region_ref(MemoryRegion *mr);

/**
 * memory_region_unref: Remove 1 to a memory region's reference count
 *
 * Whenever memory regions are accessed outside the BQL, they need to be
 * preserved against hot-unplug.  MemoryRegions actually do not have their
 * own reference count; they piggyback on a QOM object, their "owner".
 * This function removes a reference to the owner and possibly destroys it.
 *
 * @mr: the #MemoryRegion