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        extern const std::string unprintableString;

        std::string rawMemoryToString( const void *object, std::size_t size );

        template<typename T>
        std::string rawMemoryToString( const T& object ) {
          return rawMemoryToString( &object, sizeof(object) );
        }

        template<typename T>
        class IsStreamInsertable {
            template<typename SSS, typename TTT>
            static auto test(int)
                -> decltype(std::declval<SSS&>() << std::declval<TTT>(), std::true_type());

            template<typename, typename>
            static auto test(...)->std::false_type;

        public:
            static const bool value = decltype(test<std::ostream, const T&>(0))::value;
        };

        template<typename E>
        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e );

        template<typename T>
        typename std::enable_if<
            !std::is_enum<T>::value && !std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
        std::string>::type convertUnstreamable( T const& ) {
            return Detail::unprintableString;
        }
        template<typename T>
        typename std::enable_if<
            !std::is_enum<T>::value && std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
         std::string>::type convertUnstreamable(T const& ex) {
            return ex.what();
        }

        template<typename T>
        typename std::enable_if<
            std::is_enum<T>::value
        , std::string>::type convertUnstreamable( T const& value ) {
            return convertUnknownEnumToString( value );
        }

#if defined(_MANAGED)
        //! Convert a CLR string to a utf8 std::string
        template<typename T>
        std::string clrReferenceToString( T^ ref ) {
            if (ref == nullptr)
                return std::string("null");
            auto bytes = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes(ref->ToString());
            cli::pin_ptr<System::Byte> p = &bytes[0];
            return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char const *>(p), bytes->Length);
        }
#endif

    } // namespace Detail

    // If we decide for C++14, change these to enable_if_ts
    template <typename T, typename = void>
    struct StringMaker {
        template <typename Fake = T>
        static
        typename std::enable_if<::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>::type
            convert(const Fake& value) {
                ReusableStringStream rss;
                // NB: call using the function-like syntax to avoid ambiguity with
                // user-defined templated operator<< under clang.
                rss.operator<<(value);
                return rss.str();
        }

        template <typename Fake = T>
        static
        typename std::enable_if<!::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>::type
            convert( const Fake& value ) {
#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER)
            return Detail::convertUnstreamable(value);
#else
            return CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER(value);
#endif
        }
    };

    namespace Detail {

        // This function dispatches all stringification requests inside of Catch.
        // Should be preferably called fully qualified, like ::Catch::Detail::stringify
        template <typename T>
        std::string stringify(const T& e) {
            return ::Catch::StringMaker<typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>::convert(e);
        }

        template<typename E>
        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e ) {
            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<E>::type>(e));
        }

#if defined(_MANAGED)
        template <typename T>
        std::string stringify( T^ e ) {
            return ::Catch::StringMaker<T^>::convert(e);
        }
#endif

    } // namespace Detail

    // Some predefined specializations

    template<>
    struct StringMaker<std::string> {
        static std::string convert(const std::string& str);
    };
#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
    template<>
    struct StringMaker<std::wstring> {
        static std::string convert(const std::wstring& wstr);
    };
#endif