Alt-Digest-MD5-OpenSSL
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It is conjectured that the difficulty of coming up with two messages
having the same message digest is on the order of 2^64 operations,
and that the difficulty of coming up with any message having a given
message digest is on the order of 2^128 operations. The MD5 algorithm
has been carefully scrutinized for weaknesses. It is, however, a
relatively new algorithm and further security analysis is of course
justified, as is the case with any new proposal of this sort.
5. Differences Between MD4 and MD5
The following are the differences between MD4 and MD5:
1. A fourth round has been added.
2. Each step now has a unique additive constant.
3. The function g in round 2 was changed from (XY v XZ v YZ) to
(XZ v Y not(Z)) to make g less symmetric.
4. Each step now adds in the result of the previous step. This
promotes a faster "avalanche effect".
5. The order in which input words are accessed in rounds 2 and
3 is changed, to make these patterns less like each other.
6. The shift amounts in each round have been approximately
optimized, to yield a faster "avalanche effect." The shifts in
different rounds are distinct.
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
References
[1] Rivest, R., "The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm", RFC 1320, MIT and
RSA Data Security, Inc., April 1992.
[2] Rivest, R., "The MD4 message digest algorithm", in A.J. Menezes
and S.A. Vanstone, editors, Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '90
Proceedings, pages 303-311, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
[3] CCITT Recommendation X.509 (1988), "The Directory -
Authentication Framework."
APPENDIX A - Reference Implementation
This appendix contains the following files taken from RSAREF: A
Cryptographic Toolkit for Privacy-Enhanced Mail:
global.h -- global header file
md5.h -- header file for MD5
md5c.c -- source code for MD5
For more information on RSAREF, send email to <rsaref@rsa.com>.
The appendix also includes the following file:
mddriver.c -- test driver for MD2, MD4 and MD5
The driver compiles for MD5 by default but can compile for MD2 or MD4
if the symbol MD is defined on the C compiler command line as 2 or 4.
The implementation is portable and should work on many different
plaforms. However, it is not difficult to optimize the implementation
on particular platforms, an exercise left to the reader. For example,
on "little-endian" platforms where the lowest-addressed byte in a 32-
bit word is the least significant and there are no alignment
restrictions, the call to Decode in MD5Transform can be replaced with
a typecast.
A.1 global.h
/* GLOBAL.H - RSAREF types and constants
*/
/* PROTOTYPES should be set to one if and only if the compiler supports
function argument prototyping.
The following makes PROTOTYPES default to 0 if it has not already
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
been defined with C compiler flags.
*/
#ifndef PROTOTYPES
#define PROTOTYPES 0
#endif
/* POINTER defines a generic pointer type */
typedef unsigned char *POINTER;
/* UINT2 defines a two byte word */
typedef unsigned short int UINT2;
/* UINT4 defines a four byte word */
typedef unsigned long int UINT4;
/* PROTO_LIST is defined depending on how PROTOTYPES is defined above.
If using PROTOTYPES, then PROTO_LIST returns the list, otherwise it
returns an empty list.
*/
#if PROTOTYPES
#define PROTO_LIST(list) list
#else
#define PROTO_LIST(list) ()
#endif
A.2 md5.h
/* MD5.H - header file for MD5C.C
*/
/* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All
rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest
Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
or this function.
License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
mentioning or referencing the derived work.
RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty of any kind.
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
documentation and/or software.
*/
/* MD5 context. */
typedef struct {
UINT4 state[4]; /* state (ABCD) */
UINT4 count[2]; /* number of bits, modulo 2^64 (lsb first) */
unsigned char buffer[64]; /* input buffer */
} MD5_CTX;
void MD5Init PROTO_LIST ((MD5_CTX *));
void MD5Update PROTO_LIST
((MD5_CTX *, unsigned char *, unsigned int));
void MD5Final PROTO_LIST ((unsigned char [16], MD5_CTX *));
A.3 md5c.c
/* MD5C.C - RSA Data Security, Inc., MD5 message-digest algorithm
*/
/* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All
rights reserved.
License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest
Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
or this function.
License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
mentioning or referencing the derived work.
RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty of any kind.
These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
documentation and/or software.
*/
#include "global.h"
#include "md5.h"
/* Constants for MD5Transform routine.
*/
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
#define S11 7
#define S12 12
#define S13 17
#define S14 22
#define S21 5
#define S22 9
#define S23 14
#define S24 20
#define S31 4
#define S32 11
#define S33 16
#define S34 23
#define S41 6
#define S42 10
#define S43 15
#define S44 21
static void MD5Transform PROTO_LIST ((UINT4 [4], unsigned char [64]));
static void Encode PROTO_LIST
((unsigned char *, UINT4 *, unsigned int));
static void Decode PROTO_LIST
((UINT4 *, unsigned char *, unsigned int));
static void MD5_memcpy PROTO_LIST ((POINTER, POINTER, unsigned int));
static void MD5_memset PROTO_LIST ((POINTER, int, unsigned int));
static unsigned char PADDING[64] = {
0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
/* F, G, H and I are basic MD5 functions.
*/
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))
/* ROTATE_LEFT rotates x left n bits.
*/
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
/* FF, GG, HH, and II transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation.
*/
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += F ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (UINT4)(ac); \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
rfc1321.txt view on Meta::CPAN
static void MD5_memcpy (output, input, len)
POINTER output;
POINTER input;
unsigned int len;
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
output[i] = input[i];
}
/* Note: Replace "for loop" with standard memset if possible.
*/
static void MD5_memset (output, value, len)
POINTER output;
int value;
unsigned int len;
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
((char *)output)[i] = (char)value;
}
A.4 mddriver.c
/* MDDRIVER.C - test driver for MD2, MD4 and MD5
*/
/* Copyright (C) 1990-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1990. All
rights reserved.
RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty of any kind.
These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
documentation and/or software.
*/
/* The following makes MD default to MD5 if it has not already been
defined with C compiler flags.
*/
#ifndef MD
#define MD MD5
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "global.h"
#if MD == 2
#include "md2.h"
#endif
#if MD == 4
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RFC 1321 MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
#include "md4.h"
#endif
#if MD == 5
#include "md5.h"
#endif
/* Length of test block, number of test blocks.
*/
#define TEST_BLOCK_LEN 1000
#define TEST_BLOCK_COUNT 1000
static void MDString PROTO_LIST ((char *));
static void MDTimeTrial PROTO_LIST ((void));
static void MDTestSuite PROTO_LIST ((void));
static void MDFile PROTO_LIST ((char *));
static void MDFilter PROTO_LIST ((void));
static void MDPrint PROTO_LIST ((unsigned char [16]));
#if MD == 2
#define MD_CTX MD2_CTX
#define MDInit MD2Init
#define MDUpdate MD2Update
#define MDFinal MD2Final
#endif
#if MD == 4
#define MD_CTX MD4_CTX
#define MDInit MD4Init
#define MDUpdate MD4Update
#define MDFinal MD4Final
#endif
#if MD == 5
#define MD_CTX MD5_CTX
#define MDInit MD5Init
#define MDUpdate MD5Update
#define MDFinal MD5Final
#endif
/* Main driver.
Arguments (may be any combination):
-sstring - digests string
-t - runs time trial
-x - runs test script
filename - digests file
(none) - digests standard input
*/
int main (argc, argv)
int argc;
( run in 1.097 second using v1.01-cache-2.11-cpan-fe3c2283af0 )