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into ~/.qmail. You'll have to use a full path for procmail unless
procmail is in the system's startup PATH. Note that procmail will try to
deliver to /var/spool/mail/$USER by default; to change this, see
INSTALL.mbox.


4.5. How do I use elm's filter with qmail?

Answer: Put 

   | preline filter

into ~/.qmail. You'll have to use a full path for filter unless filter
is in the system's startup PATH.


4.6. How do I create aliases with dots? I tried setting up
~alias/.qmail-P.D.Q.Bach, but it doesn't do anything.

Answer: Use .qmail-p:d:q:bach. Dots are converted to colons, and
uppercase is converted to lowercase.


4.7. How do I use sendmail's .forward files with qmail?

Answer: Install the dot-forward package
(http://pobox.com/~djb/dot-forward.html).


4.8. How do I use sendmail's /etc/aliases with qmail?

Answer: Install the fastforward package
(http://pobox.com/~djb/fastforward.html).


4.9. How do I make qmail defer messages during NFS or NIS outages? If
~joe suddenly disappears, I'd like mail for joe to be deferred.

Answer: Build a qmail-users database, so that qmail no longer checks
home directories and the password database. This takes three steps.
First, put your complete user list (including local and NIS passwords)
into /var/qmail/users/passwd. Second, run

   # qmail-pw2u -h < /var/qmail/users/passwd > /var/qmail/users/assign

Here -h means that every user must have a home directory; if you happen
to run qmail-pw2u during an NFS outage, it will print an error message
and stop. Third, run

   # qmail-newu

Make sure to rebuild the database whenever you change your user list.


4.10. How do I change which account controls an address? I set up
~alias/.qmail-www, but qmail is looking at ~www/.qmail instead.

Answer: If you do

   # chown root ~www

then qmail will no longer consider www to be a user; see qmail-getpw.0.
For more precise control over address assignments, see qmail-users.0.



5. Setting up servers


5.1. How do I run qmail-smtpd under tcpserver? inetd is barfing at high
loads, cutting off service for ten-minute stretches. I'd also like
better connection logging.

Answer: First, install the tcpserver program, part of the ucspi-tcp
package (http://pobox.com/~djb/ucspi-tcp.html). Second, remove the smtp
line from /etc/inetd.conf, and put the line

   tcpserver -u 7770 -g 2108 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd &

into your system startup files. Replace 7770 with your qmaild uid, and
replace 2108 with your nofiles gid. Don't forget the &. The change will
take effect at your next reboot.

By default, tcpserver allows at most 40 simultaneous qmail-smtpd
processes. To raise this limit to 400, use tcpserver -c 400. To keep
track of who's connecting and for how long, run (on two lines)

   tcpserver -v -u 7770 -g 2108 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd \
   2>&1 | /var/qmail/bin/splogger smtpd 3 &


5.2. How do I set up qmail-qmtpd?

Answer: Two steps. First, put a

   qmtp 209/tcp

line into /etc/services. Second, put (all on one line)

   qmtp stream tcp nowait qmaild
   /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-qmtpd

into /etc/inetd.conf, and give inetd a HUP.

If you have tcpserver installed, skip the inetd step, and set up

   tcpserver -u 7770 -g 2108 0 qmtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-qmtpd &

replacing 7770 and 2108 with the qmaild uid and nofiles gid. See
question 5.1 for more details on tcpserver.


5.3. How do I set up qmail-pop3d? My old POP server works with mbox
delivery; I'd like to switch to maildir delivery.

Answer: Four steps. First, install the checkpassword program
(http://pobox.com/~djb/checkpwd.html). Second, make sure you have a

   pop3 110/tcp