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    if (croak_on_error) {
        sv_2mortal(sv);
        eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR | G_RETHROW);
    }
    else {
        eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
        SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
    }

    sv = *PL_stack_sp;

#ifdef PERL_RC_STACK
    if (rpp_stack_is_rc()) {
        SvREFCNT_inc_NN(sv_2mortal(sv));
        rpp_popfree_1();
    }
    else
#endif
        PL_stack_sp--;

    return sv;
}

/* Require a module. */

/*
=for apidoc_section $embedding

=for apidoc require_pv

Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument.  It is
analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">.  It's even
implemented that way; consider using load_module instead.

=cut */

void
Perl_require_pv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
{
    dSP;
    SV* sv;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_PV;

    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_REQUIRE);
    sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "require q%c%s%c", 0, pv, 0);
    eval_sv(sv_2mortal(sv), G_DISCARD);
    POPSTACK;
}

STATIC void
S_usage(pTHX)		/* XXX move this out into a module ? */
{
    /* This message really ought to be max 23 lines.
     * Removed -h because the user already knows that option. Others? */

    /* Grouped as 6 lines per C string literal, to keep under the ANSI C 89
       minimum of 509 character string literals.  */
    static const char * const usage_msg[] = {
"  -0[octal/hexadecimal] specify record separator (\\0, if no argument)\n"
"  -a                    autosplit mode with -n or -p (splits $_ into @F)\n"
"  -C[number/list]       enables the listed Unicode features\n"
"  -c                    check syntax only (runs BEGIN and CHECK blocks)\n"
"  -d[t][:MOD]           run program under debugger or module Devel::MOD\n"
"  -D[number/letters]    set debugging flags (argument is a bit mask or alphabets)\n",
"  -e commandline        one line of program (several -e's allowed, omit programfile)\n"
"  -E commandline        like -e, but enables all optional features\n"
"  -f                    don't do $sitelib/sitecustomize.pl at startup\n"
"  -F/pattern/           split() pattern for -a switch (//'s are optional)\n"
"  -g                    read all input in one go (slurp), rather than line-by-line (alias for -0777)\n"
"  -i[extension]         edit <> files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)\n"
"  -Idirectory           specify @INC/#include directory (several -I's allowed)\n",
"  -l[octnum]            enable line ending processing, specifies line terminator\n"
"  -[mM][-]module        execute \"use/no module...\" before executing program\n"
"  -n                    assume \"while (<>) { ... }\" loop around program\n"
"  -p                    assume loop like -n but print line also, like sed\n"
"  -s                    enable rudimentary parsing for switches after programfile\n"
"  -S                    look for programfile using PATH environment variable\n",
"  -t                    enable tainting warnings\n"
"  -T                    enable tainting checks\n"
"  -u                    dump core after parsing program\n"
"  -U                    allow unsafe operations\n"
"  -v                    print version, patchlevel and license\n"
"  -V[:configvar]        print configuration summary (or a single Config.pm variable)\n",
"  -w                    enable many useful warnings\n"
"  -W                    enable all warnings\n"
"  -x[directory]         ignore text before #!perl line (optionally cd to directory)\n"
"  -X                    disable all warnings\n"
"  \n"
"Run 'perldoc perl' for more help with Perl.\n\n",
NULL
};
    const char * const *p = usage_msg;
    PerlIO *out = PerlIO_stdout();

    PerlIO_printf(out,
                  "\nUsage: %s [switches] [--] [programfile] [arguments]\n",
                  PL_origargv[0]);
    while (*p)
        PerlIO_puts(out, *p++);
    my_exit(0);
}

/* convert a string of -D options (or digits) into an int.
 * sets *s to point to the char after the options */

#ifdef DEBUGGING
int
Perl_get_debug_opts(pTHX_ const char **s, bool givehelp)
{
    static const char * const usage_msgd[] = {
      " Debugging flag values: (see also -d)\n"
      "  p  Tokenizing and parsing (with v, displays parse stack)\n"
      "  s  Stack snapshots (with v, displays all stacks)\n"
      "  l  Context (loop) stack processing\n"
      "  t  Trace execution\n"
      "  o  Method and overloading resolution\n",
      "  c  String/numeric conversions\n"
      "  P  Print profiling info, source file input state\n"
      "  m  Memory and SV allocation\n"
      "  f  Format processing\n"