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 ...

 $loop->run_child(
    command => "/bin/ps",

    on_finish => sub {
       my ( $pid, $exitcode, $stdout, $stderr ) = @_;
       my $status = ( $exitcode >> 8 );
       print "ps [PID $pid] exited with status $status\n";
    },
 );

 $loop->open_child(
    command => [ "/bin/ping", "-c4", "some.host" ],

    stdout => {
       on_read => sub {
          my ( $stream, $buffref, $eof ) = @_;
          while( $$buffref =~ s/^(.*)\n// ) {
             print "PING wrote: $1\n";
          }
          return 0;
       },
    },

    on_finish => sub {
       my ( $pid, $exitcode ) = @_;
       my $status = ( $exitcode >> 8 );
       ...
    },
 );

 my ( $pipeRd, $pipeWr ) = IO::Async::OS->pipepair;
 $loop->spawn_child(
    command => "/usr/bin/my-command",

    setup => [
       stdin  => [ "open", "<", "/dev/null" ],
       stdout => $pipeWr,
       stderr => [ "open", ">>", "/var/log/mycmd.log" ],
       chdir  => "/",
    ]

    on_exit => sub {
       my ( $pid, $exitcode ) = @_;
       my $status = ( $exitcode >> 8 );
       print "Command exited with status $status\n";
    },
 );

 $loop->spawn_child(
    code => sub {
       do_something; # executes in a child process
       return 1;
    },

    on_exit => sub {
       my ( $pid, $exitcode, $dollarbang, $dollarat ) = @_;
       my $status = ( $exitcode >> 8 );
       print "Child process exited with status $status\n";
       print " OS error was $dollarbang, exception was $dollarat\n";
    },
 );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module extends the functionality of the containing L<IO::Async::Loop> to
manage the execution of child processes. It acts as a central point to store
PID values of currently-running children, and to call the appropriate
continuation handler code when the process terminates. It provides useful
wrapper methods that set up filehandles and other child process details, and
to capture the child process's STDOUT and STDERR streams.

=cut

# Writing to variables of $> and $) have tricky ways to obtain error results
sub setuid
{
   my ( $uid ) = @_;

   $> = $uid; my $saved_errno = $!;
   $> == $uid and return 1;

   $! = $saved_errno;
   return undef;
}

sub setgid
{
   my ( $gid ) = @_;

   $) = $gid; my $saved_errno = $!;
   $) == $gid and return 1;

   $! = $saved_errno;
   return undef;
}

sub setgroups
{
   my @groups = @_;

   my $gid = $)+0;
   # Put the primary GID as the first group in the supplementary list, because
   # some operating systems ignore this position, expecting it to indeed be
   # the primary GID.
   # See
   #   https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=65127
   @groups = grep { $_ != $gid } @groups;

   $) = "$gid $gid " . join " ", @groups; my $saved_errno = $!;

   # No easy way to detect success or failure. Just check that we have all and
   # only the right groups
   my %gotgroups = map { $_ => 1 } split ' ', "$)";

   $! = $saved_errno;
   $gotgroups{$_}-- or return undef for @groups;
   keys %gotgroups or return undef;

   return 1;
}

# Internal constructor
sub new
{
   my $class = shift;
   my ( %params ) = @_;

   my $loop = delete $params{loop} or croak "Expected a 'loop'";

   my $self = bless {
      loop => $loop,
   }, $class;

   weaken( $self->{loop} );