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// Implement this interface to define an action for function type F.
template <typename F>
class ActionInterface {
 public:
  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::Result Result;
  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;

  ActionInterface() {}
  virtual ~ActionInterface() {}

  // Performs the action.  This method is not const, as in general an
  // action can have side effects and be stateful.  For example, a
  // get-the-next-element-from-the-collection action will need to
  // remember the current element.
  virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) = 0;

 private:
  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ActionInterface);
};

// An Action<F> is a copyable and IMMUTABLE (except by assignment)
// object that represents an action to be taken when a mock function
// of type F is called.  The implementation of Action<T> is just a
// linked_ptr to const ActionInterface<T>, so copying is fairly cheap.
// Don't inherit from Action!
//
// You can view an object implementing ActionInterface<F> as a
// concrete action (including its current state), and an Action<F>
// object as a handle to it.
template <typename F>
class Action {
 public:
  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::Result Result;
  typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;

  // Constructs a null Action.  Needed for storing Action objects in
  // STL containers.
  Action() : impl_(NULL) {}

  // Constructs an Action from its implementation.  A NULL impl is
  // used to represent the "do-default" action.
  explicit Action(ActionInterface<F>* impl) : impl_(impl) {}

  // Copy constructor.
  Action(const Action& action) : impl_(action.impl_) {}

  // This constructor allows us to turn an Action<Func> object into an
  // Action<F>, as long as F's arguments can be implicitly converted
  // to Func's and Func's return type can be implicitly converted to
  // F's.
  template <typename Func>
  explicit Action(const Action<Func>& action);

  // Returns true iff this is the DoDefault() action.
  bool IsDoDefault() const { return impl_.get() == NULL; }

  // Performs the action.  Note that this method is const even though
  // the corresponding method in ActionInterface is not.  The reason
  // is that a const Action<F> means that it cannot be re-bound to
  // another concrete action, not that the concrete action it binds to
  // cannot change state.  (Think of the difference between a const
  // pointer and a pointer to const.)
  Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
    internal::Assert(
        !IsDoDefault(), __FILE__, __LINE__,
        "You are using DoDefault() inside a composite action like "
        "DoAll() or WithArgs().  This is not supported for technical "
        "reasons.  Please instead spell out the default action, or "
        "assign the default action to an Action variable and use "
        "the variable in various places.");
    return impl_->Perform(args);
  }

 private:
  template <typename F1, typename F2>
  friend class internal::ActionAdaptor;

  internal::linked_ptr<ActionInterface<F> > impl_;
};

// The PolymorphicAction class template makes it easy to implement a
// polymorphic action (i.e. an action that can be used in mock
// functions of than one type, e.g. Return()).
//
// To define a polymorphic action, a user first provides a COPYABLE
// implementation class that has a Perform() method template:
//
//   class FooAction {
//    public:
//     template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
//     Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) const {
//       // Processes the arguments and returns a result, using
//       // tr1::get<N>(args) to get the N-th (0-based) argument in the tuple.
//     }
//     ...
//   };
//
// Then the user creates the polymorphic action using
// MakePolymorphicAction(object) where object has type FooAction.  See
// the definition of Return(void) and SetArgumentPointee<N>(value) for
// complete examples.
template <typename Impl>
class PolymorphicAction {
 public:
  explicit PolymorphicAction(const Impl& impl) : impl_(impl) {}

  template <typename F>
  operator Action<F>() const {
    return Action<F>(new MonomorphicImpl<F>(impl_));
  }

 private:
  template <typename F>
  class MonomorphicImpl : public ActionInterface<F> {
   public:
    typedef typename internal::Function<F>::Result Result;
    typedef typename internal::Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;

    explicit MonomorphicImpl(const Impl& impl) : impl_(impl) {}