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  HelloWorld->run_if_script;

This returns a true value, so your file is now valid as a module - so

  require 'my_web_simple_app.pl';

  my $hw = HelloWorld->new;

will work fine (and you can rename it to lib/HelloWorld.pm later to make it
a real use-able module).

However, it detects if it's being run as a script (via testing $0) and if
so attempts to do the right thing.

If run under a CGI environment, your application will execute as a CGI.

If run under a FastCGI environment, your application will execute as a
FastCGI process (this works both for dynamic shared-hosting-style FastCGI
and for apache FastCgiServer style setups).

If run from the commandline with a URL path, it runs a GET request against
that path -

  $ perl -Ilib examples/hello-world/hello-world.cgi /
  200 OK
  Content-Type: text/plain
  
  Hello world!

You can also provide a method name -

  $ perl -Ilib examples/hello-world/hello-world.cgi POST /
  405 Method Not Allowed
  Content-Type: text/plain
  
  Method not allowed

For a POST or PUT request, pairs on the command line will be treated
as form variables. For any request, pairs on the command line ending in :
are treated as headers, and 'Content:' will set the request body -

  $ ./myapp POST / Accept: text/html form_field_name form_field_value
  
  $ ./myapp POST / Content-Type: text/json Content: '{ "json": "here" }'

The body of the response is sent to STDOUT and the headers to STDERR, so

  $ ./myapp GET / >index.html

will generally do the right thing.

To send basic authentication credentials, use user:pass@ syntax -

  $ ./myapp GET bob:secret@/protected/path

Additionally, you can treat the file as though it were a standard PSGI
application file (*.psgi).  For example you can start up up with C<plackup>

  plackup my_web_simple_app.pl

or C<starman>

  starman my_web_simple_app.pl

=head2 to_psgi_app

This method is called by L</run_if_script> to create the L<PSGI> app coderef
for use via L<Plack> and L<plackup>. If you want to globally add middleware,
you can override this method:

  use Web::Simple 'HelloWorld';
 
  {
    package HelloWorld;
    use Plack::Builder;
  
    around 'to_psgi_app', sub {
      my ($orig, $self) = (shift, shift);
      my $app = $self->$orig(@_); 
      builder {
        enable ...; ## whatever middleware you want
        $app;
      };
    };
  }

This method can also be used to mount a Web::Simple application within
a separate C<*.psgi> file -

  use strictures 1;
  use Plack::Builder;
  use WSApp;
  use AnotherWSApp;

  builder {
    mount '/' => WSApp->to_psgi_app;
    mount '/another' => AnotherWSApp->to_psgi_app;
  };

This method can be called as a class method, in which case it implicitly
calls ->new, or as an object method ... in which case it doesn't.

=head2 run

Used for running your application under stand-alone CGI and FCGI modes.

I should document this more extensively but run_if_script will call it when
you need it, so don't worry about it too much.

=head2 run_test_request

  my $res = $app->run_test_request(GET => '/' => %headers);

  my $res = $app->run_test_request(POST => '/' => %headers_or_form);

  my $res = $app->run_test_request($http_request);

Accepts either an L<HTTP::Request> object or ($method, $path) and runs that
request against the application, returning an L<HTTP::Response> object.

If the HTTP method is POST or PUT, then a series of pairs can be passed after
this to create a form style message body. If you need to test an upload, then
create an L<HTTP::Request> object by hand or use the C<POST> subroutine