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lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
This software is Copyright (c) 2014 by David A Golden.
This is free software, licensed under:
The Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004
=cut
__END__
# vim: ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et:
FILE_PUSHD
$fatpacked{"HTTP/Tiny.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'HTTP_TINY';
# vim: ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et:
package HTTP::Tiny;
use strict;
use warnings;
# ABSTRACT: A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
our $VERSION = '0.056';
use Carp ();
#pod =method new
#pod
#pod $http = HTTP::Tiny->new( %attributes );
#pod
#pod This constructor returns a new HTTP::Tiny object. Valid attributes include:
#pod
#pod =for :list
#pod * C<agent> —
#pod A user-agent string (defaults to 'HTTP-Tiny/$VERSION'). If C<agent> — ends in a space character, the default user-agent string is appended.
#pod * C<cookie_jar> —
#pod An instance of L<HTTP::CookieJar> — or equivalent class that supports the C<add> and C<cookie_header> methods
#pod * C<default_headers> —
#pod A hashref of default headers to apply to requests
#pod * C<local_address> —
#pod The local IP address to bind to
#pod * C<keep_alive> —
#pod Whether to reuse the last connection (if for the same scheme, host and port) (defaults to 1)
#pod * C<max_redirect> —
#pod Maximum number of redirects allowed (defaults to 5)
#pod * C<max_size> —
#pod Maximum response size in bytes (only when not using a data callback). If defined, responses larger than this will return an exception.
#pod * C<http_proxy> —
#pod URL of a proxy server to use for HTTP connections (default is C<$ENV{http_proxy}> — if set)
#pod * C<https_proxy> —
#pod URL of a proxy server to use for HTTPS connections (default is C<$ENV{https_proxy}> — if set)
#pod * C<proxy> —
#pod URL of a generic proxy server for both HTTP and HTTPS connections (default is C<$ENV{all_proxy}> — if set)
#pod * C<no_proxy> —
#pod List of domain suffixes that should not be proxied. Must be a comma-separated string or an array reference. (default is C<$ENV{no_proxy}> —)
#pod * C<timeout> —
#pod Request timeout in seconds (default is 60)
#pod * C<verify_SSL> —
#pod A boolean that indicates whether to validate the SSL certificate of an C<https> —
#pod connection (default is false)
#pod * C<SSL_options> —
#pod A hashref of C<SSL_*> — options to pass through to L<IO::Socket::SSL>
#pod
#pod Passing an explicit C<undef> for C<proxy>, C<http_proxy> or C<https_proxy> will
#pod prevent getting the corresponding proxies from the environment.
#pod
#pod Exceptions from C<max_size>, C<timeout> or other errors will result in a
#pod pseudo-HTTP status code of 599 and a reason of "Internal Exception". The
#pod content field in the response will contain the text of the exception.
#pod
#pod The C<keep_alive> parameter enables a persistent connection, but only to a
#pod single destination scheme, host and port. Also, if any connection-relevant
#pod attributes are modified, or if the process ID or thread ID change, the
#pod persistent connection will be dropped. If you want persistent connections
#pod across multiple destinations, use multiple HTTP::Tiny objects.
#pod
#pod See L</SSL SUPPORT> for more on the C<verify_SSL> and C<SSL_options> attributes.
#pod
#pod =cut
my @attributes;
BEGIN {
@attributes = qw(
cookie_jar default_headers http_proxy https_proxy keep_alive
local_address max_redirect max_size proxy no_proxy timeout
SSL_options verify_SSL
);
my %persist_ok = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(
cookie_jar default_headers max_redirect max_size
);
no strict 'refs';
no warnings 'uninitialized';
for my $accessor ( @attributes ) {
*{$accessor} = sub {
@_ > 1
? do {
delete $_[0]->{handle} if !$persist_ok{$accessor} && $_[1] ne $_[0]->{$accessor};
$_[0]->{$accessor} = $_[1]
}
: $_[0]->{$accessor};
};
}
}
sub agent {
my($self, $agent) = @_;
if( @_ > 1 ){
$self->{agent} =
(defined $agent && $agent =~ / $/) ? $agent . $self->_agent : $agent;
}
return $self->{agent};
}
sub new {
my($class, %args) = @_;
my $self = {
max_redirect => 5,
timeout => 60,
keep_alive => 1,
verify_SSL => $args{verify_SSL} || $args{verify_ssl} || 0, # no verification by default
no_proxy => $ENV{no_proxy},
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
url => $url,
success => q{},
status => 599,
reason => 'Internal Exception',
content => $e,
headers => {
'content-type' => 'text/plain',
'content-length' => length $e,
}
};
}
return $response;
}
#pod =method www_form_urlencode
#pod
#pod $params = $http->www_form_urlencode( $data );
#pod $response = $http->get("http://example.com/query?$params");
#pod
#pod This method converts the key/value pairs from a data hash or array reference
#pod into a C<x-www-form-urlencoded> string. The keys and values from the data
#pod reference will be UTF-8 encoded and escaped per RFC 3986. If a value is an
#pod array reference, the key will be repeated with each of the values of the array
#pod reference. If data is provided as a hash reference, the key/value pairs in the
#pod resulting string will be sorted by key and value for consistent ordering.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub www_form_urlencode {
my ($self, $data) = @_;
(@_ == 2 && ref $data)
or Carp::croak(q/Usage: $http->www_form_urlencode(DATAREF)/ . "\n");
(ref $data eq 'HASH' || ref $data eq 'ARRAY')
or Carp::croak("form data must be a hash or array reference\n");
my @params = ref $data eq 'HASH' ? %$data : @$data;
@params % 2 == 0
or Carp::croak("form data reference must have an even number of terms\n");
my @terms;
while( @params ) {
my ($key, $value) = splice(@params, 0, 2);
if ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ) {
unshift @params, map { $key => $_ } @$value;
}
else {
push @terms, join("=", map { $self->_uri_escape($_) } $key, $value);
}
}
return join("&", (ref $data eq 'ARRAY') ? (@terms) : (sort @terms) );
}
#pod =method can_ssl
#pod
#pod $ok = HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl;
#pod ($ok, $why) = HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl;
#pod ($ok, $why) = $http->can_ssl;
#pod
#pod Indicates if SSL support is available. When called as a class object, it
#pod checks for the correct version of L<Net::SSLeay> and L<IO::Socket::SSL>.
#pod When called as an object methods, if C<SSL_verify> is true or if C<SSL_verify_mode>
#pod is set in C<SSL_options>, it checks that a CA file is available.
#pod
#pod In scalar context, returns a boolean indicating if SSL is available.
#pod In list context, returns the boolean and a (possibly multi-line) string of
#pod errors indicating why SSL isn't available.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub can_ssl {
my ($self) = @_;
my($ok, $reason) = (1, '');
# Need IO::Socket::SSL 1.42 for SSL_create_ctx_callback
unless (eval {require IO::Socket::SSL; IO::Socket::SSL->VERSION(1.42)}) {
$ok = 0;
$reason .= qq/IO::Socket::SSL 1.42 must be installed for https support\n/;
}
# Need Net::SSLeay 1.49 for MODE_AUTO_RETRY
unless (eval {require Net::SSLeay; Net::SSLeay->VERSION(1.49)}) {
$ok = 0;
$reason .= qq/Net::SSLeay 1.49 must be installed for https support\n/;
}
# If an object, check that SSL config lets us get a CA if necessary
if ( ref($self) && ( $self->{verify_SSL} || $self->{SSL_options}{SSL_verify_mode} ) ) {
my $handle = HTTP::Tiny::Handle->new(
SSL_options => $self->{SSL_options},
verify_SSL => $self->{verify_SSL},
);
unless ( eval { $handle->_find_CA_file; 1 } ) {
$ok = 0;
$reason .= "$@";
}
}
wantarray ? ($ok, $reason) : $ok;
}
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
# private methods
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
my %DefaultPort = (
http => 80,
https => 443,
);
sub _agent {
my $class = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
(my $default_agent = $class) =~ s{::}{-}g;
return $default_agent . "/" . $class->VERSION;
}
sub _request {
my ($self, $method, $url, $args) = @_;
my ($scheme, $host, $port, $path_query, $auth) = $self->_split_url($url);
my $request = {
method => $method,
scheme => $scheme,
host => $host,
port => $port,
host_port => ($port == $DefaultPort{$scheme} ? $host : "$host:$port"),
uri => $path_query,
headers => {},
};
# We remove the cached handle so it is not reused in the case of redirect.
# If all is well, it will be recached at the end of _request. We only
# reuse for the same scheme, host and port
my $handle = delete $self->{handle};
if ( $handle ) {
unless ( $handle->can_reuse( $scheme, $host, $port ) ) {
$handle->close;
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
s/([^\x20-\x7E])/sprintf('\\x%.2X', ord($1))/ge;
$_;
};
my $Token = qr/[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7A\x7C\x7E]/;
sub new {
my ($class, %args) = @_;
return bless {
rbuf => '',
timeout => 60,
max_line_size => 16384,
max_header_lines => 64,
verify_SSL => 0,
SSL_options => {},
%args
}, $class;
}
sub connect {
@_ == 4 || die(q/Usage: $handle->connect(scheme, host, port)/ . "\n");
my ($self, $scheme, $host, $port) = @_;
if ( $scheme eq 'https' ) {
$self->_assert_ssl;
}
elsif ( $scheme ne 'http' ) {
die(qq/Unsupported URL scheme '$scheme'\n/);
}
$self->{fh} = $SOCKET_CLASS->new(
PeerHost => $host,
PeerPort => $port,
$self->{local_address} ?
( LocalAddr => $self->{local_address} ) : (),
Proto => 'tcp',
Type => SOCK_STREAM,
Timeout => $self->{timeout},
KeepAlive => !!$self->{keep_alive}
) or die(qq/Could not connect to '$host:$port': $@\n/);
binmode($self->{fh})
or die(qq/Could not binmode() socket: '$!'\n/);
$self->start_ssl($host) if $scheme eq 'https';
$self->{scheme} = $scheme;
$self->{host} = $host;
$self->{port} = $port;
$self->{pid} = $$;
$self->{tid} = _get_tid();
return $self;
}
sub start_ssl {
my ($self, $host) = @_;
# As this might be used via CONNECT after an SSL session
# to a proxy, we shut down any existing SSL before attempting
# the handshake
if ( ref($self->{fh}) eq 'IO::Socket::SSL' ) {
unless ( $self->{fh}->stop_SSL ) {
my $ssl_err = IO::Socket::SSL->errstr;
die(qq/Error halting prior SSL connection: $ssl_err/);
}
}
my $ssl_args = $self->_ssl_args($host);
IO::Socket::SSL->start_SSL(
$self->{fh},
%$ssl_args,
SSL_create_ctx_callback => sub {
my $ctx = shift;
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode($ctx, Net::SSLeay::MODE_AUTO_RETRY());
},
);
unless ( ref($self->{fh}) eq 'IO::Socket::SSL' ) {
my $ssl_err = IO::Socket::SSL->errstr;
die(qq/SSL connection failed for $host: $ssl_err\n/);
}
}
sub close {
@_ == 1 || die(q/Usage: $handle->close()/ . "\n");
my ($self) = @_;
CORE::close($self->{fh})
or die(qq/Could not close socket: '$!'\n/);
}
sub write {
@_ == 2 || die(q/Usage: $handle->write(buf)/ . "\n");
my ($self, $buf) = @_;
if ( $] ge '5.008' ) {
utf8::downgrade($buf, 1)
or die(qq/Wide character in write()\n/);
}
my $len = length $buf;
my $off = 0;
local $SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';
while () {
$self->can_write
or die(qq/Timed out while waiting for socket to become ready for writing\n/);
my $r = syswrite($self->{fh}, $buf, $len, $off);
if (defined $r) {
$len -= $r;
$off += $r;
last unless $len > 0;
}
elsif ($! == EPIPE) {
die(qq/Socket closed by remote server: $!\n/);
}
elsif ($! != EINTR) {
if ($self->{fh}->can('errstr')){
my $err = $self->{fh}->errstr();
die (qq/Could not write to SSL socket: '$err'\n /);
}
else {
die(qq/Could not write to socket: '$!'\n/);
}
}
}
return $off;
}
sub read {
@_ == 2 || @_ == 3 || die(q/Usage: $handle->read(len [, allow_partial])/ . "\n");
my ($self, $len, $allow_partial) = @_;
my $buf = '';
my $got = length $self->{rbuf};
if ($got) {
my $take = ($got < $len) ? $got : $len;
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
my $line = $self->readline;
$line =~ /\A (HTTP\/(0*\d+\.0*\d+)) [\x09\x20]+ ([0-9]{3}) [\x09\x20]+ ([^\x0D\x0A]*) \x0D?\x0A/x
or die(q/Malformed Status-Line: / . $Printable->($line). "\n");
my ($protocol, $version, $status, $reason) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
die (qq/Unsupported HTTP protocol: $protocol\n/)
unless $version =~ /0*1\.0*[01]/;
return {
status => $status,
reason => $reason,
headers => $self->read_header_lines,
protocol => $protocol,
};
}
sub write_request_header {
@_ == 4 || die(q/Usage: $handle->write_request_header(method, request_uri, headers)/ . "\n");
my ($self, $method, $request_uri, $headers) = @_;
return $self->write_header_lines($headers, "$method $request_uri HTTP/1.1\x0D\x0A");
}
sub _do_timeout {
my ($self, $type, $timeout) = @_;
$timeout = $self->{timeout}
unless defined $timeout && $timeout >= 0;
my $fd = fileno $self->{fh};
defined $fd && $fd >= 0
or die(qq/select(2): 'Bad file descriptor'\n/);
my $initial = time;
my $pending = $timeout;
my $nfound;
vec(my $fdset = '', $fd, 1) = 1;
while () {
$nfound = ($type eq 'read')
? select($fdset, undef, undef, $pending)
: select(undef, $fdset, undef, $pending) ;
if ($nfound == -1) {
$! == EINTR
or die(qq/select(2): '$!'\n/);
redo if !$timeout || ($pending = $timeout - (time - $initial)) > 0;
$nfound = 0;
}
last;
}
$! = 0;
return $nfound;
}
sub can_read {
@_ == 1 || @_ == 2 || die(q/Usage: $handle->can_read([timeout])/ . "\n");
my $self = shift;
if ( ref($self->{fh}) eq 'IO::Socket::SSL' ) {
return 1 if $self->{fh}->pending;
}
return $self->_do_timeout('read', @_)
}
sub can_write {
@_ == 1 || @_ == 2 || die(q/Usage: $handle->can_write([timeout])/ . "\n");
my $self = shift;
return $self->_do_timeout('write', @_)
}
sub _assert_ssl {
my($ok, $reason) = HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl();
die $reason unless $ok;
}
sub can_reuse {
my ($self,$scheme,$host,$port) = @_;
return 0 if
$self->{pid} != $$
|| $self->{tid} != _get_tid()
|| length($self->{rbuf})
|| $scheme ne $self->{scheme}
|| $host ne $self->{host}
|| $port ne $self->{port}
|| eval { $self->can_read(0) }
|| $@ ;
return 1;
}
# Try to find a CA bundle to validate the SSL cert,
# prefer Mozilla::CA or fallback to a system file
sub _find_CA_file {
my $self = shift();
if ( $self->{SSL_options}->{SSL_ca_file} ) {
unless ( -r $self->{SSL_options}->{SSL_ca_file} ) {
die qq/SSL_ca_file '$self->{SSL_options}->{SSL_ca_file}' not found or not readable\n/;
}
return $self->{SSL_options}->{SSL_ca_file};
}
return Mozilla::CA::SSL_ca_file()
if eval { require Mozilla::CA; 1 };
# cert list copied from golang src/crypto/x509/root_unix.go
foreach my $ca_bundle (
"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", # Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo etc.
"/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt", # Fedora/RHEL
"/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem", # OpenSUSE
"/etc/openssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", # NetBSD
"/etc/ssl/cert.pem", # OpenBSD
"/usr/local/share/certs/ca-root-nss.crt", # FreeBSD/DragonFly
"/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem", # OpenELEC
"/etc/certs/ca-certificates.crt", # Solaris 11.2+
) {
return $ca_bundle if -e $ca_bundle;
}
die qq/Couldn't find a CA bundle with which to verify the SSL certificate.\n/
. qq/Try installing Mozilla::CA from CPAN\n/;
}
# for thread safety, we need to know thread id if threads are loaded
sub _get_tid {
no warnings 'reserved'; # for 'threads'
return threads->can("tid") ? threads->tid : 0;
}
sub _ssl_args {
my ($self, $host) = @_;
my %ssl_args;
# This test reimplements IO::Socket::SSL::can_client_sni(), which wasn't
# added until IO::Socket::SSL 1.84
if ( Net::SSLeay::OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER() >= 0x01000000 ) {
$ssl_args{SSL_hostname} = $host, # Sane SNI support
}
if ($self->{verify_SSL}) {
$ssl_args{SSL_verifycn_scheme} = 'http'; # enable CN validation
$ssl_args{SSL_verifycn_name} = $host; # set validation hostname
$ssl_args{SSL_verify_mode} = 0x01; # enable cert validation
$ssl_args{SSL_ca_file} = $self->_find_CA_file;
}
else {
$ssl_args{SSL_verifycn_scheme} = 'none'; # disable CN validation
$ssl_args{SSL_verify_mode} = 0x00; # disable cert validation
}
# user options override settings from verify_SSL
for my $k ( keys %{$self->{SSL_options}} ) {
$ssl_args{$k} = $self->{SSL_options}{$k} if $k =~ m/^SSL_/;
}
return \%ssl_args;
}
1;
__END__
=pod
=encoding UTF-8
=head1 NAME
HTTP::Tiny - A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
=head1 VERSION
version 0.056
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use HTTP::Tiny;
my $response = HTTP::Tiny->new->get('http://example.com/');
die "Failed!\n" unless $response->{success};
print "$response->{status} $response->{reason}\n";
while (my ($k, $v) = each %{$response->{headers}}) {
for (ref $v eq 'ARRAY' ? @$v : $v) {
print "$k: $_\n";
}
}
print $response->{content} if length $response->{content};
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This is a very simple HTTP/1.1 client, designed for doing simple
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
$http = HTTP::Tiny->new( %attributes );
This constructor returns a new HTTP::Tiny object. Valid attributes include:
=over 4
=item *
C<agent> — A user-agent string (defaults to 'HTTP-Tiny/$VERSION'). If C<agent> — ends in a space character, the default user-agent string is appended.
=item *
C<cookie_jar> — An instance of L<HTTP::CookieJar> — or equivalent class that supports the C<add> and C<cookie_header> methods
=item *
C<default_headers> — A hashref of default headers to apply to requests
=item *
C<local_address> — The local IP address to bind to
=item *
C<keep_alive> — Whether to reuse the last connection (if for the same scheme, host and port) (defaults to 1)
=item *
C<max_redirect> — Maximum number of redirects allowed (defaults to 5)
=item *
C<max_size> — Maximum response size in bytes (only when not using a data callback). If defined, responses larger than this will return an exception.
=item *
C<http_proxy> — URL of a proxy server to use for HTTP connections (default is C<$ENV{http_proxy}> — if set)
=item *
C<https_proxy> — URL of a proxy server to use for HTTPS connections (default is C<$ENV{https_proxy}> — if set)
=item *
C<proxy> — URL of a generic proxy server for both HTTP and HTTPS connections (default is C<$ENV{all_proxy}> — if set)
=item *
C<no_proxy> — List of domain suffixes that should not be proxied. Must be a comma-separated string or an array reference. (default is C<$ENV{no_proxy}> —)
=item *
C<timeout> — Request timeout in seconds (default is 60)
=item *
C<verify_SSL> — A boolean that indicates whether to validate the SSL certificate of an C<https> — connection (default is false)
=item *
C<SSL_options> — A hashref of C<SSL_*> — options to pass through to L<IO::Socket::SSL>
=back
Passing an explicit C<undef> for C<proxy>, C<http_proxy> or C<https_proxy> will
prevent getting the corresponding proxies from the environment.
Exceptions from C<max_size>, C<timeout> or other errors will result in a
pseudo-HTTP status code of 599 and a reason of "Internal Exception". The
content field in the response will contain the text of the exception.
The C<keep_alive> parameter enables a persistent connection, but only to a
single destination scheme, host and port. Also, if any connection-relevant
attributes are modified, or if the process ID or thread ID change, the
persistent connection will be dropped. If you want persistent connections
across multiple destinations, use multiple HTTP::Tiny objects.
See L</SSL SUPPORT> for more on the C<verify_SSL> and C<SSL_options> attributes.
=head2 get|head|put|post|delete
$response = $http->get($url);
$response = $http->get($url, \%options);
$response = $http->head($url);
These methods are shorthand for calling C<request()> for the given method. The
URL must have unsafe characters escaped and international domain names encoded.
See C<request()> for valid options and a description of the response.
The C<success> field of the response will be true if the status code is 2XX.
=head2 post_form
$response = $http->post_form($url, $form_data);
$response = $http->post_form($url, $form_data, \%options);
This method executes a C<POST> request and sends the key/value pairs from a
form data hash or array reference to the given URL with a C<content-type> of
C<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>. If data is provided as an array
reference, the order is preserved; if provided as a hash reference, the terms
are sorted on key and value for consistency. See documentation for the
C<www_form_urlencode> method for details on the encoding.
The URL must have unsafe characters escaped and international domain names
encoded. See C<request()> for valid options and a description of the response.
Any C<content-type> header or content in the options hashref will be ignored.
The C<success> field of the response will be true if the status code is 2XX.
=head2 mirror
$response = $http->mirror($url, $file, \%options)
if ( $response->{success} ) {
print "$file is up to date\n";
}
Executes a C<GET> request for the URL and saves the response body to the file
name provided. The URL must have unsafe characters escaped and international
domain names encoded. If the file already exists, the request will include an
C<If-Modified-Since> header with the modification timestamp of the file. You
may specify a different C<If-Modified-Since> header yourself in the C<<
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
If the C<data_callback> option is provided, it will be called iteratively until
the entire response body is received. The first argument will be a string
containing a chunk of the response body, the second argument will be the
in-progress response hash reference, as described below. (This allows
customizing the action of the callback based on the C<status> or C<headers>
received prior to the content body.)
The C<request> method returns a hashref containing the response. The hashref
will have the following keys:
=over 4
=item *
C<success> — Boolean indicating whether the operation returned a 2XX status code
=item *
C<url> — URL that provided the response. This is the URL of the request unless there were redirections, in which case it is the last URL queried in a redirection chain
=item *
C<status> — The HTTP status code of the response
=item *
C<reason> — The response phrase returned by the server
=item *
C<content> — The body of the response. If the response does not have any content or if a data callback is provided to consume the response body, this will be the empty string
=item *
C<headers> — A hashref of header fields. All header field names will be normalized to be lower case. If a header is repeated, the value will be an arrayref; it will otherwise be a scalar string containing the value
=back
On an exception during the execution of the request, the C<status> field will
contain 599, and the C<content> field will contain the text of the exception.
=head2 www_form_urlencode
$params = $http->www_form_urlencode( $data );
$response = $http->get("http://example.com/query?$params");
This method converts the key/value pairs from a data hash or array reference
into a C<x-www-form-urlencoded> string. The keys and values from the data
reference will be UTF-8 encoded and escaped per RFC 3986. If a value is an
array reference, the key will be repeated with each of the values of the array
reference. If data is provided as a hash reference, the key/value pairs in the
resulting string will be sorted by key and value for consistent ordering.
=head2 can_ssl
$ok = HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl;
($ok, $why) = HTTP::Tiny->can_ssl;
($ok, $why) = $http->can_ssl;
Indicates if SSL support is available. When called as a class object, it
checks for the correct version of L<Net::SSLeay> and L<IO::Socket::SSL>.
When called as an object methods, if C<SSL_verify> is true or if C<SSL_verify_mode>
is set in C<SSL_options>, it checks that a CA file is available.
In scalar context, returns a boolean indicating if SSL is available.
In list context, returns the boolean and a (possibly multi-line) string of
errors indicating why SSL isn't available.
=for Pod::Coverage SSL_options
agent
cookie_jar
default_headers
http_proxy
https_proxy
keep_alive
local_address
max_redirect
max_size
no_proxy
proxy
timeout
verify_SSL
=head1 SSL SUPPORT
Direct C<https> connections are supported only if L<IO::Socket::SSL> 1.56 or
greater and L<Net::SSLeay> 1.49 or greater are installed. An exception will be
thrown if new enough versions of these modules are not installed or if the SSL
encryption fails. You can also use C<HTTP::Tiny::can_ssl()> utility function
that returns boolean to see if the required modules are installed.
An C<https> connection may be made via an C<http> proxy that supports the CONNECT
command (i.e. RFC 2817). You may not proxy C<https> via a proxy that itself
requires C<https> to communicate.
SSL provides two distinct capabilities:
=over 4
=item *
Encrypted communication channel
=item *
Verification of server identity
=back
B<By default, HTTP::Tiny does not verify server identity>.
Server identity verification is controversial and potentially tricky because it
depends on a (usually paid) third-party Certificate Authority (CA) trust model
to validate a certificate as legitimate. This discriminates against servers
with self-signed certificates or certificates signed by free, community-driven
CA's such as L<CAcert.org|http://cacert.org>.
By default, HTTP::Tiny does not make any assumptions about your trust model,
threat level or risk tolerance. It just aims to give you an encrypted channel
when you need one.
Setting the C<verify_SSL> attribute to a true value will make HTTP::Tiny verify
that an SSL connection has a valid SSL certificate corresponding to the host
name of the connection and that the SSL certificate has been verified by a CA.
Assuming you trust the CA, this will protect against a L<man-in-the-middle
attack|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack>. If you are
concerned about security, you should enable this option.
Certificate verification requires a file containing trusted CA certificates.
If the L<Mozilla::CA> module is installed, HTTP::Tiny will use the CA file
included with it as a source of trusted CA's. (This means you trust Mozilla,
the author of Mozilla::CA, the CPAN mirror where you got Mozilla::CA, the
toolchain used to install it, and your operating system security, right?)
If that module is not available, then HTTP::Tiny will search several
system-specific default locations for a CA certificate file:
=over 4
=item *
/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
=item *
/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
=item *
/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem
=back
An exception will be raised if C<verify_SSL> is true and no CA certificate file
is available.
If you desire complete control over SSL connections, the C<SSL_options> attribute
lets you provide a hash reference that will be passed through to
C<IO::Socket::SSL::start_SSL()>, overriding any options set by HTTP::Tiny. For
example, to provide your own trusted CA file:
SSL_options => {
SSL_ca_file => $file_path,
}
The C<SSL_options> attribute could also be used for such things as providing a
client certificate for authentication to a server or controlling the choice of
cipher used for the SSL connection. See L<IO::Socket::SSL> documentation for
details.
=head1 PROXY SUPPORT
HTTP::Tiny can proxy both C<http> and C<https> requests. Only Basic proxy
authorization is supported and it must be provided as part of the proxy URL:
C<http://user:pass@proxy.example.com/>.
HTTP::Tiny supports the following proxy environment variables:
=over 4
=item *
http_proxy or HTTP_PROXY
=item *
https_proxy or HTTPS_PROXY
=item *
all_proxy or ALL_PROXY
=back
If the C<REQUEST_METHOD> environment variable is set, then this might be a CGI
process and C<HTTP_PROXY> would be set from the C<Proxy:> header, which is a
security risk. If C<REQUEST_METHOD> is set, C<HTTP_PROXY> (the upper case
variant only) is ignored.
Tunnelling C<https> over an C<http> proxy using the CONNECT method is
supported. If your proxy uses C<https> itself, you can not tunnel C<https>
over it.
Be warned that proxying an C<https> connection opens you to the risk of a
man-in-the-middle attack by the proxy server.
The C<no_proxy> environment variable is supported in the format of a
comma-separated list of domain extensions proxy should not be used for.
Proxy arguments passed to C<new> will override their corresponding
environment variables.
=head1 LIMITATIONS
HTTP::Tiny is I<conditionally compliant> with the
L<HTTP/1.1 specifications|http://www.w3.org/Protocols/>:
=over 4
=item *
"Message Syntax and Routing" [RFC7230]
=item *
"Semantics and Content" [RFC7231]
=item *
lib/App/cpanminus/fatscript.pm view on Meta::CPAN
HTTP::Tiny focuses on correct transport. Users are responsible for ensuring
that user-defined headers and content are compliant with the HTTP/1.1
specification.
=item *
Users must ensure that URLs are properly escaped for unsafe characters and that
international domain names are properly encoded to ASCII. See L<URI::Escape>,
L<URI::_punycode> and L<Net::IDN::Encode>.
=item *
Redirection is very strict against the specification. Redirection is only
automatic for response codes 301, 302, 307 and 308 if the request method is
'GET' or 'HEAD'. Response code 303 is always converted into a 'GET'
redirection, as mandated by the specification. There is no automatic support
for status 305 ("Use proxy") redirections.
=item *
There is no provision for delaying a request body using an C<Expect> header.
Unexpected C<1XX> responses are silently ignored as per the specification.
=item *
Only 'chunked' C<Transfer-Encoding> is supported.
=item *
There is no support for a Request-URI of '*' for the 'OPTIONS' request.
=back
Despite the limitations listed above, HTTP::Tiny is considered
feature-complete. New feature requests should be directed to
L<HTTP::Tiny::UA>.
=head1 SEE ALSO
=over 4
=item *
L<HTTP::Tiny::UA> - Higher level UA features for HTTP::Tiny
=item *
L<HTTP::Thin> - HTTP::Tiny wrapper with L<HTTP::Request>/L<HTTP::Response> compatibility
=item *
L<HTTP::Tiny::Mech> - Wrap L<WWW::Mechanize> instance in HTTP::Tiny compatible interface
=item *
L<IO::Socket::IP> - Required for IPv6 support
=item *
L<IO::Socket::SSL> - Required for SSL support
=item *
L<LWP::UserAgent> - If HTTP::Tiny isn't enough for you, this is the "standard" way to do things
=item *
L<Mozilla::CA> - Required if you want to validate SSL certificates
=item *
L<Net::SSLeay> - Required for SSL support
=back
=for :stopwords cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan
=head1 SUPPORT
=head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker
at L<https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny/issues>.
You will be notified automatically of any progress on your issue.
=head2 Source Code
This is open source software. The code repository is available for
public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
L<https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny>
git clone https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny.git
=head1 AUTHORS
=over 4
=item *
Christian Hansen <chansen@cpan.org>
=item *
David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
=back
=head1 CONTRIBUTORS
=for stopwords Alan Gardner Alessandro Ghedini Brad Gilbert Chris Nehren Weyl Claes Jakobsson Clinton Gormley Dean Pearce Edward Zborowski James Raspass Jeremy Mates Jess Robinson Lukas Eklund Martin J. Evans Martin-Louis Bright Mike Doherty Olaf A...
=over 4
=item *
Alan Gardner <gardner@pythian.com>
=item *
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