App-FfmpegUtils

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lib/App/FfmpegUtils.pm  view on Meta::CPAN

package App::FfmpegUtils;

use 5.010001;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Log::ger;

use File::chdir;
use Perinci::Exporter;
use Perinci::Object;

our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:PERLANCAR'; # AUTHORITY
our $DATE = '2025-10-29'; # DATE
our $DIST = 'App-FfmpegUtils'; # DIST
our $VERSION = '0.015'; # VERSION

our %SPEC;

$SPEC{':package'} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'Utilities related to ffmpeg',
};

our %argspec0_file = (
    file => {
        schema => 'filename*',
        req => 1,
        pos => 0,
    },
);

our %argspec0_files = (
    files => {
        'x.name.is_plural' => 1,
        'x.name.singular' => 'file',
        schema => ['array*' => of => 'filename*'],
        req => 1,
        pos => 0,
        slurpy => 1,
    },
);

our %argspecopt_ffmpeg_path = (
    ffmpeg_path => {
        schema => 'filename*',
    },
);

our %argspecopt_copy = (
    copy => {
        summary => 'Whether to use the "copy" codec (fast but produces inaccurate timings)',
        schema => 'bool*',
    },
);

our %argspecsopt_duration = (
    start => {
        schema => ['any*', of=>['duration*', 'percent_str*']],
        default => 0,
        cmdline_aliases => {s=>{}},
        },
    end => {
        schema => ['any*', of=>['duration*', 'percent_str*']],
        cmdline_aliases => {e=>{}},
    },
    duration => {
        schema => ['any*', of=>['duration*', 'percent_str*']],
        cmdline_aliases => {d=>{}},
    },
);

my @presets = qw/ultrafast superfast veryfast faster fast medium slow slower veryslow/;

sub _nearest {
    sprintf("%d", $_[0]/$_[1]) * $_[1];
}

sub _convert_pct {
    my ($num, $total) = @_;
    if ($num =~ s/%\z//) {
        $num/100 * $total;
    } else {
        $num;
    }
}

$SPEC{reencode_video_with_libx264} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'Re-encode video (using ffmpeg and libx264)',
    description => <<'MARKDOWN',

This utility runs *ffmpeg* to re-encode your video files using the libx264
codec. It is a wrapper to simplify invocation of ffmpeg. It selects the
appropriate ffmpeg options for you, allows you to specify multiple files, and
picks appropriate output filenames. It also sports a `--dry-run` option to let
you see ffmpeg options to be used without actually running ffmpeg.

This utility is usually used to reduce the file size (and optionally video
width/height) of videos so they are smaller, while minimizing quality loss.
Smartphone-produced videos are often high bitrate (e.g. >10-20Mbit) and not yet
well compressed, so they make a good input for this utility. The default setting
is roughly similar to how Google Photos encodes videos (max 1080p).

The default settings are:

    -v:c libx264
    -preset veryslow (to get the best compression rate, but with the slowest encoding time)
    -crf 28 (0-51, subjectively sane is 18-28, 18 ~ visually lossless, 28 ~ visually acceptable)

when a downsizing is requested (using the `--downsize-to` option), this utility
first checks each input video if it is indeed larger than the requested final
size. If it is, then the `-vf scale` option is added. This utility also
calculates a valid size for ffmpeg, since using `-vf scale=-1:720` sometimes
results in failure due to odd number.

Audio streams are copied, not re-encoded.

Output filenames are:

    ORIGINAL_NAME.crf28.mp4

or (if downsizing is done):

    ORIGINAL_NAME.480p-crf28.mp4

MARKDOWN
    args => {

lib/App/FfmpegUtils.pm  view on Meta::CPAN

                _nearest($scaled_height, 2),
            );
        } # SCALE

        my $output_file = $file;
        my $ext = $scale_suffix ? ".$scale_suffix-crf$crf.mp4" : ".crf$crf.mp4";
        $output_file =~ s/(\.\w{3,4})?\z/($1 eq ".mp4" ? "" : $1) . $ext/e;

        my $audio_is_copy = 1;
        $audio_is_copy = 0 if defined $args{audio_sample_rate};

        push @ffmpeg_args, (
            "-c:v", "libx264",
            "-crf", $crf,
            "-preset", ($args{preset} // 'veryslow'),
            (defined $args{frame_rate} ? ("-r", $args{frame_rate}) : ()),
            "-c:a", ($audio_is_copy ? "copy" : "aac"),
            (defined $args{audio_sample_rate} ? ("-ar", $args{audio_sample_rate}) : ()),
            $output_file,
        );

        if ($args{-dry_run}) {
            log_info "[DRY-RUN] Running $ffmpeg_path with args %s ...", \@ffmpeg_args;
            next;
        }

        IPC::System::Options::system(
            {log=>1},
            $ffmpeg_path, @ffmpeg_args,
        );
        if ($?) {
            my ($exit_code, $signal, $core_dump) = ($? < 0 ? $? : $? >> 8, $? & 127, $? & 128);
            log_error "ffmpeg for $file failed: exit_code=$exit_code, signal=$signal, core_dump=$core_dump";
        }
    }

    [200];
}

$SPEC{split_video_by_duration} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'Split video by duration into parts',
    description => <<'MARKDOWN',

This utility uses **ffmpeg** (particularly the `-t` and `-ss`) option to split a
longer video into shorter videos. For example, if you have `long.mp4` with
duration of 1h12m and you run it through this utility with `--every 15min` then
you will have 5 new video files: `long.1of5.mp4` (15min), `long.2of5.mp4`
(15min), `long.3of5.mp4` (15min), `long.4of5.mp4` (15min), and `long.5of5.mp4`
(12min).

Compared to using `ffmpeg` directly, this wrapper offers convenience of
calculating the times (`-ss`) option for you, handling multiple files,
automatically choosing output filename, and tab completion.

MARKDOWN
    args => {
        %argspec0_files,
        # XXX start => {},
        every => {
            schema => ['any*', of=>['duration*', 'percent_str*']],
        },
        parts => {
            schema => 'posint*',
        },
        %argspecopt_copy,
        # XXX merge_if_last_part_is_shorter_than => {},
        # XXX output_filename_pattern
        overwrite => {
            schema => 'bool*',
            cmdline_aliases => {O=>{}},
        },
    },
    args_rels => {
        req_one => [qw/every parts/],
    },
    examples => [
        {
            summary => 'Split video per 15 minutes',
            src_plang => 'bash',
            src => '[[prog]] --every 15min foo.mp4',
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Split video per 30s for WhatsApp status',
            src_plang => 'bash',
            src => '[[prog]] foo.mp4 30s',
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Split video into 4 equiduration parts',
            src_plang => 'bash',
            src => '[[prog]] foo.mp4 --parts 4',
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Another way to split into equiduration parts using percentage in --every',
            src_plang => 'bash',
            src => '[[prog]] foo.mp4 --every 25%',
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
    ],
    features => {
        dry_run => 1,
    },
    deps => {
        prog => "ffmpeg", # XXX allow FFMPEG_PATH
    },
    links => [
        {url=>'prog:srtsplit', summary=>'Split .srt by duration, much like this utility'},
    ],
};
sub split_video_by_duration {
    require POSIX;

    my %args = @_;
    my $files = $args{files};
    my $every = $args{every};
    my $parts = $args{parts};

    my $envres = envresmulti();
    my $j = -1;
    for my $file (@$files) {

        $j++;
        log_info "Processing file %s ...", $file;

        require Media::Info;
        my $res = Media::Info::get_media_info(media => $file);
        unless ($res->[0] == 200) {
            $envres->add_result($res->[0], "Can't get info for video $file: $res->[1]", {item_id=>$j});
            next;
        }

        my $total_dur = $res->[2]{duration};
        unless ($total_dur) {
            $envres->add_result(412, "Duration of video $file is zero", {item_id=>$j});
            next;
        }

        my $part_dur;
        if (defined $parts) {
            return [400, "Please specify a positive number in --parts"] unless $parts >= 1;
            $part_dur = $total_dur / $parts;
        } elsif (defined $every) {
            if ($every =~ s/%\z//) {
                $every > 0 && $every <= 100 or return [400, "For percentage in --every, please specify a number between 0 and 100"];
                $part_dur = $total_dur * ($every/100);
            } else {
                $every > 0 or return [400, "Please specify a positive number in --every"];
                $part_dur = $every;
            }
        } else {
            return [400, "Please specify either --every or --parts"];
        }

        my $num_parts = POSIX::ceil($total_dur / $part_dur);
        my $fmt = $num_parts >= 1000 ? "%04d" : $num_parts >= 100 ? "%03d" : $num_parts >= 10 ? "%02d" : "%d";

        unless ($num_parts >= 2) {
            $envres->add_result(304, "No split necessary for video $file", {item_id=>$j});
            next;
        }

        require IPC::System::Options;
        for my $i (1..$num_parts) {
            my $part_label = sprintf "${fmt}of%d", $i, $num_parts;
            my $ofile = $file;
            if ($ofile =~ /\.\w+\z/) { $ofile =~ s/(\.\w+)\z/.$part_label$1/ } else { $ofile .= ".$part_label" }
            my $time_start = ($i-1)*$part_dur;
            IPC::System::Options::system(
                {log=>1, dry_run=>$args{-dry_run}},
                "ffmpeg", ($args{overwrite} ? "-y":"-n"), "-i", $file, ($args{copy} ? ("-c", "copy") : ()), "-ss", $time_start, "-t", $part_dur, $ofile);
            my ($exit_code, $signal, $core_dump) = ($? < 0 ? $? : $? >> 8, $? & 127, $? & 128);
            if ($exit_code) {
                $envres->add_result(500, "ffmpeg exited $exit_code (sig $signal) for video $file: $!", {item_id=>$j});
            } else {
                $envres->add_result(200, "Video $file successfully split", {item_id=>$j});
            }
        }

    } # for $file

    $envres->as_struct;
}

$SPEC{cut_video_by_duration} = {
    v => 1.1,
    summary => 'Get a portion (time range) of a video',
    description => <<'MARKDOWN',

This utility uses *ffmpeg* (particularly the `-t` and `-ss`) option to get a
portion (time range) of a video.

Compared to using `ffmpeg` directly, this wrapper offers convenience of more
flexibility in specifying times and duration (e.g. '15s' as well as '00:10' as
well as 'PT1M30S'), specifying only 'end' and 'duration', handling multiple
files, automatically choosing output filename, and tab completion.

MARKDOWN
    args => {
        %argspec0_files,
        %argspecsopt_duration,
        %argspecopt_copy,
        overwrite => {
            schema => 'bool*',
            cmdline_aliases => {O=>{}},
        },
    },
    examples => [
        {
            summary => 'Specify start only, the result is 100s.cut_40_to_100.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '-s', '40s'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Specify duration only (using percentage) of two files, the results are 100s.cut_0_to_30.mp4 & 50s.cut_0_to_15.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '50s.mp4', '-d', '30%'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Specify end only (using h:m:s notation), the result is 100s.cut_0_to_63.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '-e', '00:01:03'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Specify start & end only (using h:m:s notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '-s', '00:00:50', '-e', '00:01:03'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Specify start & duration only (using seconds), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '-s', '50', '-d', '13'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
        {
            summary => 'Specify end & duration only (using human & ISO 8601 notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4',
            argv => ['100s.mp4', '-e', 'PT63S', '-d', '13s'],
            test => 0,
            'x.doc.show_result' => 0,
        },
    ],
    features => {
        dry_run => 1,
    },
    deps => {
        prog => "ffmpeg", # XXX allow FFMPEG_PATH
    },
    links => [
    ],
};
sub cut_video_by_duration {
    require POSIX;

    my %args = @_;
    my $files = $args{files};
    my $start0    = $args{start} // 0;
    my $end0      = $args{end};
    my $duration0 = $args{duration};

    my $envres = envresmulti();
    my $j = -1;
    for my $file (@$files) {
        $j++;
        require Media::Info;
        my $res = Media::Info::get_media_info(media => $file);
        unless ($res->[0] == 200) {
            $envres->add_result($res->[0], "Can't get media info for video '$file': $res->[1], skipped", {item_id=>$j});
            next;
        }

        my $total_dur = $res->[2]{duration}
            or do {

lib/App/FfmpegUtils.pm  view on Meta::CPAN


=head2 cut_duration_from_video

Usage:

 cut_duration_from_video(%args) -> [$status_code, $reason, $payload, \%result_meta]

Cut (censor out) a duration out of a video.

Examples:

=over

=item * Specify start & end only (using h:m:s notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_duration_from_video(files => ["100s.mp4"], end => "00:01:03", start => "00:00:50");

=item * Specify start & duration only (using seconds), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_duration_from_video(files => ["100s.mp4"], duration => 13, start => 50);

=item * Specify end & duration only (using human & ISO 8601 notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_duration_from_video(files => ["100s.mp4"], duration => "13s", end => "PT63S");

=back

This utility uses I<ffmpeg> (particularly the C<-t> and C<-ss>) option to cut a
portion (time range) out of a video. It can be used to remove an unwanted scene
from a video.

Compared to using C<ffmpeg> directly, this wrapper offers convenience of more
flexibility in specifying times and duration (e.g. '15s' as well as '00:10' as
well as 'PT1M30S'), specifying only 'end' and 'duration', handling multiple
files, automatically choosing output filename, and tab completion.

Alternatives:

=over

=item 1. If you just want to play a video and censor out certain parts, you can use
create a playlist of segments called an EDL file. See for example:

=back

L<https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv/blob/master/DOCS/edl-mpv.rst>

This function is not exported.

This function supports dry-run operation.


Arguments ('*' denotes required arguments):

=over 4

=item * B<copy> => I<bool>

Whether to use the "copy" codec (fast but produces inaccurate timings).

=item * B<duration> => I<duration|percent_str>

(No description)

=item * B<end> => I<duration|percent_str>

(No description)

=item * B<files>* => I<array[filename]>

(No description)

=item * B<start> => I<duration|percent_str> (default: 0)

(No description)


=back

Special arguments:

=over 4

=item * B<-dry_run> => I<bool>

Pass -dry_run=E<gt>1 to enable simulation mode.

=back

Returns an enveloped result (an array).

First element ($status_code) is an integer containing HTTP-like status code
(200 means OK, 4xx caller error, 5xx function error). Second element
($reason) is a string containing error message, or something like "OK" if status is
200. Third element ($payload) is the actual result, but usually not present when enveloped result is an error response ($status_code is not 2xx). Fourth
element (%result_meta) is called result metadata and is optional, a hash
that contains extra information, much like how HTTP response headers provide additional metadata.

Return value:  (any)



=head2 cut_video_by_duration

Usage:

 cut_video_by_duration(%args) -> [$status_code, $reason, $payload, \%result_meta]

Get a portion (time range) of a video.

Examples:

=over

=item * Specify start only, the result is 100s.cut_40_to_100.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4"], start => "40s");

=item * Specify duration only (using percentage) of two files, the results are 100s.cut_0_to_30.mp4 & 50s.cut_0_to_15.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4", "50s.mp4"], duration => "30%");

=item * Specify end only (using h:m:s notation), the result is 100s.cut_0_to_63.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4"], end => "00:01:03");

=item * Specify start & end only (using h:m:s notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4"], end => "00:01:03", start => "00:00:50");

=item * Specify start & duration only (using seconds), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4"], duration => 13, start => 50);

=item * Specify end & duration only (using human & ISO 8601 notation), the result is 100s.cut_50_to_63.mp4:

 cut_video_by_duration(files => ["100s.mp4"], duration => "13s", end => "PT63S");

=back

This utility uses I<ffmpeg> (particularly the C<-t> and C<-ss>) option to get a
portion (time range) of a video.

Compared to using C<ffmpeg> directly, this wrapper offers convenience of more
flexibility in specifying times and duration (e.g. '15s' as well as '00:10' as
well as 'PT1M30S'), specifying only 'end' and 'duration', handling multiple
files, automatically choosing output filename, and tab completion.

This function is not exported.

This function supports dry-run operation.


Arguments ('*' denotes required arguments):

=over 4

=item * B<copy> => I<bool>

Whether to use the "copy" codec (fast but produces inaccurate timings).

=item * B<duration> => I<duration|percent_str>

(No description)

=item * B<end> => I<duration|percent_str>

(No description)

=item * B<files>* => I<array[filename]>

(No description)

=item * B<overwrite> => I<bool>

(No description)

=item * B<start> => I<duration|percent_str> (default: 0)

(No description)


=back

Special arguments:

=over 4

=item * B<-dry_run> => I<bool>

Pass -dry_run=E<gt>1 to enable simulation mode.

=back

Returns an enveloped result (an array).

First element ($status_code) is an integer containing HTTP-like status code
(200 means OK, 4xx caller error, 5xx function error). Second element
($reason) is a string containing error message, or something like "OK" if status is
200. Third element ($payload) is the actual result, but usually not present when enveloped result is an error response ($status_code is not 2xx). Fourth
element (%result_meta) is called result metadata and is optional, a hash
that contains extra information, much like how HTTP response headers provide additional metadata.

Return value:  (any)



=head2 reencode_video_with_libx264

Usage:

 reencode_video_with_libx264(%args) -> [$status_code, $reason, $payload, \%result_meta]

Re-encode video (using ffmpeg and libx264).

This utility runs I<ffmpeg> to re-encode your video files using the libx264
codec. It is a wrapper to simplify invocation of ffmpeg. It selects the
appropriate ffmpeg options for you, allows you to specify multiple files, and
picks appropriate output filenames. It also sports a C<--dry-run> option to let
you see ffmpeg options to be used without actually running ffmpeg.

This utility is usually used to reduce the file size (and optionally video
width/height) of videos so they are smaller, while minimizing quality loss.
Smartphone-produced videos are often high bitrate (e.g. >10-20Mbit) and not yet
well compressed, so they make a good input for this utility. The default setting
is roughly similar to how Google Photos encodes videos (max 1080p).

The default settings are:

 -v:c libx264
 -preset veryslow (to get the best compression rate, but with the slowest encoding time)
 -crf 28 (0-51, subjectively sane is 18-28, 18 ~ visually lossless, 28 ~ visually acceptable)

when a downsizing is requested (using the C<--downsize-to> option), this utility
first checks each input video if it is indeed larger than the requested final
size. If it is, then the C<-vf scale> option is added. This utility also
calculates a valid size for ffmpeg, since using C<-vf scale=-1:720> sometimes
results in failure due to odd number.

lib/App/FfmpegUtils.pm  view on Meta::CPAN

C<--dont-scale> on the CLI.


=back

Special arguments:

=over 4

=item * B<-dry_run> => I<bool>

Pass -dry_run=E<gt>1 to enable simulation mode.

=back

Returns an enveloped result (an array).

First element ($status_code) is an integer containing HTTP-like status code
(200 means OK, 4xx caller error, 5xx function error). Second element
($reason) is a string containing error message, or something like "OK" if status is
200. Third element ($payload) is the actual result, but usually not present when enveloped result is an error response ($status_code is not 2xx). Fourth
element (%result_meta) is called result metadata and is optional, a hash
that contains extra information, much like how HTTP response headers provide additional metadata.

Return value:  (any)



=head2 split_video_by_duration

Usage:

 split_video_by_duration(%args) -> [$status_code, $reason, $payload, \%result_meta]

Split video by duration into parts.

This utility uses B<ffmpeg> (particularly the C<-t> and C<-ss>) option to split a
longer video into shorter videos. For example, if you have C<long.mp4> with
duration of 1h12m and you run it through this utility with C<--every 15min> then
you will have 5 new video files: C<long.1of5.mp4> (15min), C<long.2of5.mp4>
(15min), C<long.3of5.mp4> (15min), C<long.4of5.mp4> (15min), and C<long.5of5.mp4>
(12min).

Compared to using C<ffmpeg> directly, this wrapper offers convenience of
calculating the times (C<-ss>) option for you, handling multiple files,
automatically choosing output filename, and tab completion.

This function is not exported.

This function supports dry-run operation.


Arguments ('*' denotes required arguments):

=over 4

=item * B<copy> => I<bool>

Whether to use the "copy" codec (fast but produces inaccurate timings).

=item * B<every> => I<duration|percent_str>

(No description)

=item * B<files>* => I<array[filename]>

(No description)

=item * B<overwrite> => I<bool>

(No description)

=item * B<parts> => I<posint>

(No description)


=back

Special arguments:

=over 4

=item * B<-dry_run> => I<bool>

Pass -dry_run=E<gt>1 to enable simulation mode.

=back

Returns an enveloped result (an array).

First element ($status_code) is an integer containing HTTP-like status code
(200 means OK, 4xx caller error, 5xx function error). Second element
($reason) is a string containing error message, or something like "OK" if status is
200. Third element ($payload) is the actual result, but usually not present when enveloped result is an error response ($status_code is not 2xx). Fourth
element (%result_meta) is called result metadata and is optional, a hash
that contains extra information, much like how HTTP response headers provide additional metadata.

Return value:  (any)

=head1 HOMEPAGE

Please visit the project's homepage at L<https://metacpan.org/release/App-FfmpegUtils>.

=head1 SOURCE

Source repository is at L<https://github.com/perlancar/perl-App-FfmpegUtils>.

=head1 AUTHOR

perlancar <perlancar@cpan.org>

=head1 CONTRIBUTOR

=for stopwords Steven Haryanto

Steven Haryanto <stevenharyanto@gmail.com>

=head1 CONTRIBUTING




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