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                }
            }
        } elsif (!$joining) {
            $$line_with_modifier =~ s/\(// if $might_be_modifier;
            $unbalanced_paren = 0;
            $line .= ';';
        }

        # Handle indentation. Language::Pythonesque was the basis of
        # this code.
        my $prev_indent = @stack ? $stack[-1]{indent} : 0;
        if ($prev_indent < $indent) {
            push @stack, {indent => $indent, id_at_sob => $id_at_sob};
            $$prev_line_with_code .= " {" unless $$prev_line_with_code =~ s/(?=\s*$tc)/ {/o;
        } elsif ($prev_indent > $indent) {
            do {
                my $prev_id_at_sob = $stack[-1]{id_at_sob};
                pop @stack;
                $prev_indent = @stack ? $stack[-1]{indent} : 0;
                $$prev_line_with_code .= "\n" . ((' ' x $prev_indent) . "}");
                $$prev_line_with_code .= ";" if needs_semicolon($prev_id_at_sob);
            } while $prev_indent > $indent;
            $$prev_line_with_code =~ s/;$/ / if $might_be_modifier;
        }
        $id_at_sob = $bracket_opened_by;
    } continue {
        $line =~ s/^\s*pass;?\s*$//;
        $prev_line_with_code = \$line if !$joining && $line =~ /\S/;
        $line .= $comment;
    }

    $_ = join "\n", @lines;
    s/$;BLANKED_OUT_\d+$;/$bos{$&}/go;
}


# In the trials I've done seems like the Python interpreter understands
# any of the three conventions, even if they are not the ones in the
# platform, and even if they are mixed in the same file.
#
# In addition, it guarantees make test works no matter the platform.
sub normalize_newlines {
    s/\015\012/\n/g;
    tr/\015/\n/ unless "\n" eq "\015";
    tr/\012/\n/ unless "\n" eq "\012";
}


# Put an opening paren in the places we forgive parens. It will be later
# closed or removed as needed in the main subroutine.
sub left_parenthesize {
    $_[0] =~ s/^(\s*\b(?:if|elsif|unless)\b\s*)/$1(/                                      ||
    $_[0] =~ s/^(\s*(?:$id\s*:)?\s*\b(?:while|until)\b(\s*))/$2 eq '' ? "$1 (" : "$1("/eo ||
    $_[0] =~ s/^(\s*(?:$id\s*:\s*)?\bfor(?:each)?\b\s*)(.*)/fortype_guesser($1,$2)/oxe
}


# Tries its best at guessing a for(each) type or, at least, where to put
# the opening paren.
#
# Returns a string which is a copy of the original with the paren
# inserted.
sub fortype_guesser {
    my ($for, $rest) = @_;
    my $guess = "";

    # Try to match "for VAR in LIST", and "for VAR LIST"
    if ($rest =~ m/^((?:my|our)? \s* \$ $id\s+) in\s* ((?: (?:[\$\@%&\\]) | (?:\b\w) ) .*)$/ox ||
        $rest =~ m/^((?:my|our)? \s* \$ $id\s*)       ((?: (?:[\$\@%&\\]) | (?:\b\w) ) .*)$/ox) {
        $guess = "$for$1($2";
    } else {
        # We are not sure whether this is a for or a foreach, but it is
        # very likely that putting parens around gets it right.
        $rest =~ s/^\s*in\b//; # fixes "foreach in LIST"
        $guess = "$for($rest";
    }

    return $guess;
}


# Guesses whether a block started by $id_at_sob needs a semicolon after the
# ending bracket.
sub needs_semicolon {
    my $id_at_sob = shift;
    return 0 if !$id_at_sob;
    return 1 if $id_at_sob =~ /^(do|sub|eval)$/;

    my $proto = $id_at_sob =~ /::/ ? prototype($id_at_sob) : prototype("${CALLER}::$id_at_sob");
    return 0 if not defined $proto;
    return $proto =~ /^;?&$/;
}


# We follow perlstyle here, as we did until now.
sub cuddle_elses_and_friends {
    s/^([ \t]*})\s*(?=(?:elsif|else|continue)\b)/$1 /gm;
    s/^([ \t]*})\s*(?=(?:if|unless|while|until|for|foreach)\b(?!.*{$tc?$))/$1 /gm;
}

1;


__END__

=head1 NAME

Acme::Pythonic - Python whitespace conventions for Perl

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 use Acme::Pythonic; # this semicolon yet needed

 sub delete_edges:
     my $G = shift
     while my ($u, $v) = splice(@_, 0, 2):
         if defined $v:
             $G->delete_edge($u, $v)
         else:
             my @e = $G->edges($u)
             while ($u, $v) = splice(@e, 0, 2):

lib/Acme/Pythonic.pm  view on Meta::CPAN

Acme::Pythonic munges a source that has already been processed by L<Filter::Simple>. In particular, L<Filter::Simple> blanks out quotelikes whose content is not even seen by Acme::Pythonic so backslashes in C<qw//> and friends won't be removed:

    # Do not put backslashes here because qw// is bypassed
    my @colors = qw(Red
                    Blue
                    Green)


=head1 CAVEATS

Although this module makes possible some Python-like syntax in Perl,
there are some remarkable limitations in the current implementation:

=over 4

=item * Compound statement bodies are not recognized in header
lines. This would be valid according to Python syntax:

    if $n % 2: $n = 3*$n + 1
    else: $n /= 2

but it does not work in Acme::Pythonic. The reason for this is that it
would be hard to identify the colon that closes the expression without
parsing Perl, consider for instance:

    if keys %foo::bar ? keys %main:: : keys %foo::: print "foo\n"

=item * In Python statements may span lines if they're enclosed in
C<()>, C<{}>, or C<[]> pairs. Acme::Pythonic does not support this rule,
however, though it understands the common case where you break the line
in a comma in list literals, subroutine calls, etc.

=back

Remember that source filters do not work if they are called at runtime,
for instance via C<require> or C<eval EXPR>. The source code was already
consumed in the compilation phase by then.


=head1 DEBUG

L<Filter::ExtractSource> can be used to inspect the source code
generated by Acme::Pythonic:

    perl -c -MFilter::ExtractSource pythonic_script.pl

Acme::Pythonic itself has a C<debug> flag though:

    use Acme::Pythonic debug => 1;

In debug mode the module prints to standard output the code it has
generated, and passes just a dummy C<1;> to L<Filter::Simple>.

This happens I<before> L<Filter::Simple> undoes the blanking out of
PODs, strings, and regexps. Those parts are marked with the label
C<BLANKED_OUT> for easy identification.

Acme::Pythonic generates human readable Perl following L<perlstyle>, and
tries meticulously to be respectful with the original source code.
Blank lines and comments are preserved.


=head1 BUGS

This module uses a regexp approach and the superb help of
Filter::Simple. The regexp part of this means it is broken from the
start, though I've tried hard to make it as robust as I could. Bug
reports will be very welcome, just drop me a line!


=head1 THANKS

Damian Conway gave his full blessing if I wanted to write a module like
this based on his unpublished Language::Pythonesque. The code that
handles indentation is inspired by his.

Also, Dr. Conway is the author of L<Filter::Simple>, which aids a lot
blanking out PODs, strings, etc. so you can munge the source with
certain confidence. Without Filter::Simple this module would be
infinitely more broken.

Esteve Fernandez helped testing the module under 5.6.1 and contributed
a Sieve of Eratosthenes for F<t/algorithms.t>. Thank you dude!

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<perlfilter>, L<Filter::Simple>, L<Filter::ExtractSource>, L<SuperPython>, L<Acme::Dot>.


=head1 AUTHOR

Xavier Noria (FXN), E<lt>fxn@cpan.orgE<gt>


=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2004-2012 by Xavier Noria

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.2 or,
at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.

=cut