required results from the CPAN

Abstract-Meta-Class

package Abstract::Meta::Class;

use strict;
use warnings;

use base 'Exporter';
use vars qw(@EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
use Carp 'confess';
use vars qw($VERSION);

$VERSION = 0.11;

@EXPORT_OK = qw(has new apply_contructor_parameter install_meta_class abstract abstract_class storage_type);
%EXPORT_TAGS = (all => \@EXPORT_OK, has => ['has', 'install_meta_class', 'abstract', 'abstract_class', 'storage_type']);

use Abstract::Meta::Attribute;
use Abstract::Meta::Attribute::Method;

=head1 NAME

Abstract::Meta::Class - Simple meta object protocol implementation.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    package Dummy;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';
    
    
    has '$.attr1' => (default => 0);
    has '%.attrs2' => (default => {a => 1, b => 3}, item_accessor => 'attr2');
    has '@.atts3' => (default => [1, 2, 3], required => 1, item_accessor => 'attr3');
    has '&.att3' => (required => 1);
    has '$.att4' => (default => sub { 'stuff' } , required => 1);


    my $dummt = Dummy->new(
        att3 => 3,
    );

    use Dummy;

    my $obj = Dummy->new(attr3 => sub {});
    my $attr1 = $obj->attr1; #0
    $obj->set_attr1(1);
    $obj->attr2('c', 4);
    $obj->attrs2 #{a => 1, b => 3. c => 4};
    my $val_a = $obj->attr2('a');
    my $item_1 = $obj->attr3(1);
    $obj->count_attrs3();
    $obj->push_attrs3(4);



=head1 DESCRIPTION

Meta object protocol implementation,

=head2 hash/array storage type

To speed up bless time as well optimise memory usage you can use Array storage type.
(Hash is the default storage type)

    package Dummy;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';
    storage_type 'Array';
    
    has '$.attr1' => (default => 0);
    has '%.attrs2' => (default => {a => 1, b => 3}, item_accessor => 'attr2');
    has '@.attrs3' => (default => [1, 2, 3], required => 1, item_accessor => 'attr3');
    has '&.attr4' => (required => 1);
    has '$.attr5';
    has '$.attr6' => (default => sub { 'stuff' } , required => 1);


    my $dummy = Dummy->new(
        attr4 => sub {},
    );
    
    use Data::Dumper;
    warn Dumper $dummy;
    # bless [0, {a =>1,b => 3}, [1,2,3],sub{},undef,sub {}], 'Dummy'

=head2 simple validation and default values

    package Dummy;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.attr1' => (default => 0);
    has '&.att3' => (required => 1);

    use Dummy;

    my $obj = Dummy->new; #dies - att3 required


=head2 utility methods for an array type

    While specyfing array type of attribute
    the following methods are added (count || push || pop || shift || unshift)_accessor.

    package Dummy;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '@.array' => (item_accessor => 'array_item');


    use Dummy;

    my $obj = Dummy->new;

    $obj->count_array();
    $obj->push_array(1);
    my $x = $obj->array_item(0);
    my $y = $obj->pop_array;

    #NOTE scalar, array context sensitive
    my $array_ref = $obj->array;
    my @array = $obj->array;


=head2 item accessor method for complex types

    While specyfing an array or a hash type of attribute then
    you may specify item_accessor for get/set value by hash key or array index.


    package Dummy;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '%.hash' => (item_accessor => 'hash_item');

    use Dummy;

    my $obj = Dummy->new;
    $obj->hash_item('key1', 'val1');
    $obj->hash_item('key2', 'val2');
    my $val = $obj->hash_item('key1');

    #NOTE scalar, array context sensitive
    my $hash_ref = $obj->hash;
    my %hash = $obj->hash;


=head2 perl types validation

    Dy default all complex types are validated against its definition.

    package Dummy;
    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '%.hash' => (item_accessor => 'hash_item');
    has '@.array' => (item_accessor => 'array_item');


    use Dummy;

    my $obj = Dummy->new(array => {}, hash => []) #dies incompatible types.


=head2 associations

    This module handles different types of associations(to one, to many, to many ordered).
    You may also use bidirectional association by using the_other_end option,

    NOTE: When using the_other_end automatic association/deassociation happens,
    celanup method is installed.

    package Class;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.to_one'  => (associated_class => 'AssociatedClass');
    has '@.ordered' => (associated_class => 'AssociatedClass');
    has '%.to_many' => (associated_class => 'AssociatedClass', item_accessor => 'many', index_by => 'id');


    use Class;
    use AssociatedClass;

    my $obj1 = Class->new(to_one => AssociatedClass->new);

    my $obj2 = Class->new(ordered => [AssociatedClass->new]);

    # NOTE: context sensitive (scalar, array)
    my @association_objs = $obj2->ordered;
    my @array_ref = $obj2->ordered;

    my $obj3 = Class->new(to_many => [AssociatedClass->new(id =>'001'), AssociatedClass->new(id =>'002')]);
    my $association_obj = $obj3->many('002);

    # NOTE: context sensitive (scalar, array)
    my @association_objs = values %{$obj3->to_many};
    my $hash_ref = $obj3->to_many;


    - bidirectional associations (the_other_end attribute)

    package Master;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.name';
    has '%.details' => (associated_class => 'Detail', the_other_end => 'master', item_accessor => 'detail', index_by => 'id');


    package Detail;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.id'     => (required => 1);
    has '$.master' => (
        associated_class => 'Master',
        the_other_end    => 'details'
    );


    use Master;
    use Detail;

    my @details  = (
        Detail->new(id => 1),
        Detail->new(id => 2),
        Detail->new(id => 3),
    );

    my $master = Master->new(name => 'foo', details => [@details]);
    print $details[0]->master->name;

    - while using an array/hash association storage remove_<attribute_name> | add_<attribute_name> are added.
    $master->add_details(Detail->new(id => 4),);
    $master->remove_details($details[0]);
    #cleanup method is added to class, that deassociates all bidirectional associations


=head2 decorators

....- on_validate

    - on_change

    - on_read

    - initialise_method

    package Triggers;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '@.y' => (
        on_change => sub {
            my ($self, $attribute_name, $scope, $value_ref, $index) = @_;
            # scope -> mutator, item_accessor
            ... do some stuff

            # process further in standard way by returning true
            $self;
        },
        # replaces standard read
        on_read => sub {
            my ($self, $attr_name, $scope, $index)
            #scope can be: item_accessor, accessor
            ...
            #return requested value
        },
        item_accessor => 'y_item'
    );

    use Triggers;

    my $obj = Triggers->new(y => [1,2,3]);

lib/Abstract/Meta/Class.pm view on Meta::CPAN

        } else {
            return $values->{$key};
        }

    };


    $attr->set_on_read($ncode_ref);
    # from now it will apply to Class::attrs calls.

    my $a = $obj->attr('a');

=head2 abstract methods/classes

    package BaseClass;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.attr1';
    abstract => 'method1';


    package Class;

    use base 'BaseClass';
    sub method1 {};

    use Class;

    my $obj = BaseClass->new;


    # abstract classes

    package InterfaceA;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    abstract_class;
    abstract => 'method1';
    abstract => 'method2';


    package ClassA;

    use base 'InterfaceA';

    sub method1 {};
    sub method2 {};

    use Class;

    my $classA = Class->new;


    package Class;

    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has 'attr1';
    has 'interface_attr' => (associated_class => 'InterfaceA', required => 1);


    use Class;

    my $obj =  Class->new(interface_attr => $classA);


=head2 external attributes storage

    You may want store attributes values outside the blessed reference, then you may
    use transistent keyword (Inside Out Objects)

    package Transistent;
    use Abstract::Meta::Class ':all';

    has '$.attr1';
    has '$.x' => (required => 1);
    has '$.t' => (transistent => 1);
    has '%.th' => (transistent => 1);
    has '@.ta' => (transistent => 1);

    use Transistent;

    my $obj = Transistent->new(attr1 => 1, x => 2, t => 3, th => {a =>1}, ta => [1,2,3]);
    use Data::Dumper;
    print  Dumper $obj;

    Cleanup and DESTORY methods are added to class, that delete externally stored attributes.


=head2 METHODS

=over

=item new

=cut

sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    my $self = bless {}, $class;
    unshift @_, $self;
    &apply_contructor_parameters;
}


=item install_cleanup

Install cleanup method

=cut

sub install_cleanup {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my $attributes;
    return if $self->has_cleanup_method;
    add_method($self->associated_class, 'cleanup' , sub {
        my $this = shift;
        my $has_transistent;
        my $attributes ||= $self ? $self->all_attributes : [];
        for my $attribute (@$attributes) {
            $attribute or next;
            $has_transistent = 1 if($attribute->transistent);
            if($attribute->the_other_end) {
                $attribute->deassociate($this);
                my $accessor = "set_" . $attribute->accessor;
                $this->$accessor(undef);
            }
        }
        Abstract::Meta::Attribute::Method::delete_object($this) if $has_transistent;
    });
    $self->set_cleanup_method(1);
}


=item install_destructor

lib/Abstract/Meta/Class.pm view on Meta::CPAN

    if ($perl_type eq 'Array') {
        add_method($self->associated_class, "${_}_$accessor", $attribute->generate("$_"), $remove_existing_method)
        for qw(count push pop shift unshift);
    }

    if (my $item_accessor = $attribute->item_accessor) {
        add_method($self->associated_class, $item_accessor, $attribute->generate('item_accessor'), $remove_existing_method);
    }
    
    if (($perl_type eq 'Array' || $perl_type eq 'Hash') && $attribute->associated_class) {
        add_method($self->associated_class, "add_${accessor}", $attribute->generate('add'), $remove_existing_method);
        add_method($self->associated_class, "remove_${accessor}", $attribute->generate('remove'), $remove_existing_method);
    }
    
    if($attribute->associated_class) {
        add_method($self->associated_class, "reset_${accessor}", $attribute->generate('reset'), $remove_existing_method);
        add_method($self->associated_class, "has_${accessor}", $attribute->generate('has'), $remove_existing_method);
    }
}


=item add_method

Adds code reference to the class symbol table.
Takes a class name, method name and CODE reference.

=cut

sub add_method {
    my ($class, $name, $code, $remove_existing_method) = @_;
    remove_method($class, $name) if $remove_existing_method;
    no strict 'refs';
    *{"${class}::$name"} = $code;
}


=item remove_method

Adds code reference to the class symbol table.
Takes a class name, method name and CODE reference.

=cut

sub remove_method {
    my ($class, $name) = @_;
    no strict 'refs';
    delete ${"${class}::"}{"$name"};
}



=item constructor_attributes

Returns a list of attributes that need be validated and all that have default value

=cut

sub constructor_attributes {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my $all_attributes = $self->all_attributes || [];
    grep  {$_->required || defined $_->default}  @$all_attributes;
}

1

__END__

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Abstract::Meta::Attribute>

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

The Abstract::Meta::Class module is free software. You may distribute under the terms of
either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in
the Perl README file.

=head1 AUTHOR

Adrian Witas, adrian@webapp.strefa.pl

=cut

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