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		$id =~ s/\[\s*([^\$\&\d\]]+)\]/[$index]/;
	    }
	    $new .= " (\$$id)";
	};
	s/^([_a-zA-Z]\w*)//	&& do {
	    my $id = $1;
	    if ($id eq 'struct' || $id eq 'union') {
		s/^\s+(\w+)//;
		$id .= ' ' . $1;
		$isatype{$id} = 1;
	    } elsif ($id =~ /^((un)?signed)|(long)|(short)$/) {
		while (s/^\s+(\w+)//) { $id .= ' ' . $1; }
		$isatype{$id} = 1;
	    }
	    if ($curargs{$id}) {
		$new .= "\$$id";
		$new .= '->' if /^[\[\{]/;
	    } elsif ($id eq 'defined') {
		$new .= 'defined';
	    } elsif (/^\s*\(/) {
		s/^\s*\((\w),/("$1",/ if $id =~ /^_IO[WR]*$/i;	# cheat
		$new .= " &$id";
	    } elsif ($isatype{$id}) {
		if ($new =~ /{\s*$/) {
		    $new .= "'$id'";
		} elsif ($new =~ /\(\s*$/ && /^[\s*]*\)/) {
		    $new =~ s/\(\s*$//;
		    s/^[\s*]*\)//;
		} else {
		    $new .= q(').$id.q(');
		}
	    } else {
		if ($inif && $new !~ /defined\s*\($/) {
		    $new .= '(defined(&' . $id . ') ? &' . $id . ' : 0)';
		} elsif (/^\[/) {
		    $new .= " \$$id";
		} else {
		    $new .= ' &' . $id;
		}
	    }
	    next;
	};
	s/^(.)// && do { if ($1 ne '#') { $new .= $1; } next;};
    }
}


sub next_line
{
    my $file = shift;
    my ($in, $out);
    my $pre_sub_tri_graphs = 1;

    READ: while (not eof IN) {
        $in  .= <IN>;
        chomp $in;
        next unless length $in;

        while (length $in) {
            if ($pre_sub_tri_graphs) {
                # Preprocess all tri-graphs 
                # including things stuck in quoted string constants.
                $in =~ s/\?\?=/#/g;                         # | ??=|  #|
                $in =~ s/\?\?\!/|/g;                        # | ??!|  ||
                $in =~ s/\?\?'/^/g;                         # | ??'|  ^|
                $in =~ s/\?\?\(/[/g;                        # | ??(|  [|
                $in =~ s/\?\?\)/]/g;                        # | ??)|  ]|
                $in =~ s/\?\?\-/~/g;                        # | ??-|  ~|
                $in =~ s/\?\?\//\\/g;                       # | ??/|  \|
                $in =~ s/\?\?</{/g;                         # | ??<|  {|
                $in =~ s/\?\?>/}/g;                         # | ??>|  }|
            }
	    if ($in =~ /^\#ifdef __LANGUAGE_PASCAL__/) {
                # Tru64 disassembler.h evilness: mixed C and Pascal.
		while (<IN>) {
		    last if /^\#endif/; 
		}
		next READ;
	    }
	    if ($in =~ /^extern inline / && # Inlined assembler.
		$^O eq 'linux' && $file =~ m!(?:^|/)asm/[^/]+\.h$!) {
 		while (<IN>) {
		    last if /^}/; 
		}
		next READ;
	    }
            if ($in =~ s/\\$//) {                           # \-newline
                $out    .= ' ';
                next READ;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^([^"'\\\/]+)//) {            # Passthrough
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^(\\.)//) {                   # \...
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^('(\\.|[^'\\])*')//) {       # '...
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^("(\\.|[^"\\])*")//) {       # "...
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^\/\/.*//) {                  # //...
                # fall through
            } elsif ($in =~ m/^\/\*/) {                     # /*...
                # C comment removal adapted from perlfaq6:
                if ($in =~ s/^\/\*[^*]*\*+([^\/*][^*]*\*+)*\///) {
                    $out    .= ' ';
                } else {                                    # Incomplete /* */
                    next READ;
                }
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^(\/)//) {                    # /...
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($in =~ s/^([^\'\"\\\/]+)//) {
                $out    .= $1;
            } elsif ($^O eq 'linux' &&
                     $file =~ m!(?:^|/)linux/byteorder/pdp_endian\.h$! &&
                     $in   =~ s!\'T KNOW!!) {
                $out    =~ s!I DON$!I_DO_NOT_KNOW!;
            } else {
		die "Cannot parse:\n$in\n";
            }
        }

        last READ if $out =~ /\S/;
    }

    return $out;
}


# Handle recursive subdirectories without getting a grotesquely big stack.
# Could this be implemented using File::Find?
sub next_file
{
    my $file;

    while (@ARGV) {
        $file = shift @ARGV;

        if ($file eq '-' or -f $file or -l $file) {
            return $file;
        } elsif (-d $file) {
            if ($opt_r) {
                expand_glob($file);
            } else {
                print STDERR "Skipping directory `$file'\n";
            }
        } elsif ($opt_a) {
            return $file;
        } else {
            print STDERR "Skipping `$file':  not a file or directory\n";
        }
    }

    return undef;
}


# Put all the files in $directory into @ARGV for processing.
sub expand_glob
{
    my ($directory)  = @_;

    $directory =~ s:/$::;

    opendir DIR, $directory;
        foreach (readdir DIR) {
            next if ($_ eq '.' or $_ eq '..');

            # expand_glob() is going to be called until $ARGV[0] isn't a
            # directory; so push directories, and unshift everything else.
            if (-d "$directory/$_") { push    @ARGV, "$directory/$_" }
            else                    { unshift @ARGV, "$directory/$_" }
        }
    closedir DIR;
}


# Given $file, a symbolic link to a directory in the C include directory,
# make an equivalent symbolic link in $Dest_dir, if we can figure out how.
# Otherwise, just duplicate the file or directory.
sub link_if_possible
{
    my ($dirlink)  = @_;
    my $target  = eval 'readlink($dirlink)';

    if ($target =~ m:^\.\./: or $target =~ m:^/:) {
        # The target of a parent or absolute link could leave the $Dest_dir
        # hierarchy, so let's put all of the contents of $dirlink (actually,
        # the contents of $target) into @ARGV; as a side effect down the
        # line, $dirlink will get created as an _actual_ directory.
        expand_glob($dirlink);
    } else {
        if (-l "$Dest_dir/$dirlink") {
            unlink "$Dest_dir/$dirlink" or
                print STDERR "Could not remove link $Dest_dir/$dirlink:  $!\n";
        }

        if (eval 'symlink($target, "$Dest_dir/$dirlink")') {
            print "Linking $target -> $Dest_dir/$dirlink\n";

            # Make sure that the link _links_ to something:
            if (! -e "$Dest_dir/$target") {
                mkpath("$Dest_dir/$target", 0755) or
                    print STDERR "Could not create $Dest_dir/$target/\n";
            }
        } else {
            print STDERR "Could not symlink $target -> $Dest_dir/$dirlink:  $!\n";
        }
    }
}


# Push all #included files in $file onto our stack, except for STDIN
# and files we've already processed.
sub queue_includes_from
{
    my ($file)    = @_;
    my $line;

    return if ($file eq "-");

    open HEADER, $file or return;
        while (defined($line = <HEADER>)) {
            while (/\\$/) { # Handle continuation lines
                chop $line;
                $line .= <HEADER>;
            }

            if ($line =~ /^#\s*include\s+<(.*?)>/) {
                push(@ARGV, $1) unless $Is_converted{$1};
            }
        }
    close HEADER;
}


# Determine include directories; $Config{usrinc} should be enough for (all
# non-GCC?) C compilers, but gcc uses an additional include directory.
sub inc_dirs
{
    my $from_gcc    = `$Config{cc} -v 2>&1`;
    $from_gcc       =~ s:^Reading specs from (.*?)/specs\b.*:$1/include:s;

    length($from_gcc) ? ($from_gcc, $Config{usrinc}) : ($Config{usrinc});
}


# Create "_h2ph_pre.ph", if it doesn't exist or was built by a different
# version of h2ph.
sub build_preamble_if_necessary
{
    # Increment $VERSION every time this function is modified:
    my $VERSION     = 2;
    my $preamble    = "$Dest_dir/_h2ph_pre.ph";

    # Can we skip building the preamble file?
    if (-r $preamble) {
        # Extract version number from first line of preamble:
        open  PREAMBLE, $preamble or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
            my $line = <PREAMBLE>;
            $line =~ /(\b\d+\b)/;
        close PREAMBLE            or die "Cannot close $preamble:  $!";

        # Don't build preamble if a compatible preamble exists:
        return if $1 == $VERSION;
    }

    my (%define) = _extract_cc_defines();

    open  PREAMBLE, ">$preamble" or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
        print PREAMBLE "# This file was created by h2ph version $VERSION\n";

        foreach (sort keys %define) {
            if ($opt_D) {