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    @incpaths = (ref($args{incpath}) ? @{$args{incpath}} : $args{incpath}) 
        if $args{incpath};
    my $analyze_binary = $args{analyze_binary};

    my @argv = @ARGV;
    push @argv, _parse_line('\s+', 0, $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT}||'');

    # work-a-like for Makefile.PL's LIBS and INC arguments
    # if given as command-line argument, append to %args
    for my $arg (@argv) {
        for my $mm_attr_key (qw(LIBS INC)) {
            if (my ($mm_attr_value) = $arg =~ /\A $mm_attr_key = (.*)/x) {
            # it is tempting to put some \s* into the expression, but the
            # MM command-line parser only accepts LIBS etc. followed by =,
            # so we should not be any more lenient with whitespace than that
                $args{$mm_attr_key} .= " $mm_attr_value";
            }
        }
    }

    # using special form of split to trim whitespace
    if(defined($args{LIBS})) {
        foreach my $arg (split(' ', $args{LIBS})) {
            die("LIBS argument badly-formed: $arg\n") unless($arg =~ /^-[lLR]/);
            push @{$arg =~ /^-l/ ? \@libs : \@libpaths}, substr($arg, 2);
        }
    }
    if(defined($args{INC})) {
        foreach my $arg (split(' ', $args{INC})) {
            die("INC argument badly-formed: $arg\n") unless($arg =~ /^-I/);
            push @incpaths, substr($arg, 2);
        }
    }

    my ($cc, $ld) = _findcc($args{debug}, $args{ccflags}, $args{ldflags});
    my @missing;
    my @wrongresult;
    my @wronganalysis;
    my @use_headers;

    # first figure out which headers we can't find ...
    for my $header (@headers) {
        push @use_headers, $header;
        my($ch, $cfile) = File::Temp::tempfile(
            'assertlibXXXXXXXX', SUFFIX => '.c'
        );
        my $ofile = $cfile;
        $ofile =~ s/\.c$/$Config{_o}/;
        print $ch qq{#include <$_>\n} for @use_headers;
        print $ch qq{int main(void) { return 0; }\n};
        close($ch);
        my $exefile = File::Temp::mktemp( 'assertlibXXXXXXXX' ) . $Config{_exe};
        my @sys_cmd;
        # FIXME: re-factor - almost identical code later when linking
        if ( $Config{cc} eq 'cl' ) {                 # Microsoft compiler
            require Win32;
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                $cfile,
                "/Fe$exefile",
                (map { '/I'.Win32::GetShortPathName($_) } @incpaths),
		"/link",
		@$ld,
		split(' ', $Config{libs}),
            );
        } elsif($Config{cc} =~ /bcc32(\.exe)?/) {    # Borland
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                @$ld,
                (map { "-I$_" } @incpaths),
                "-o$exefile",
                $cfile
            );
        } else { # Unix-ish: gcc, Sun, AIX (gcc, cc), ...
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                @$ld,
                $cfile,
                (map { "-I$_" } @incpaths),
                "-o", "$exefile"
            );
        }
        warn "# @sys_cmd\n" if $args{debug};
        my $rv = $args{debug} ? system(@sys_cmd) : _quiet_system(@sys_cmd);
        push @missing, $header if $rv != 0 || ! -x $exefile;
        _cleanup_exe($exefile);
        unlink $cfile;
    }

    # now do each library in turn with headers
    my($ch, $cfile) = File::Temp::tempfile(
        'assertlibXXXXXXXX', SUFFIX => '.c'
    );
    my $ofile = $cfile;
    $ofile =~ s/\.c$/$Config{_o}/;
    print $ch qq{#include <$_>\n} foreach (@headers);
    print $ch "int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { ".($args{function} || 'return 0;')." }\n";
    close($ch);
    for my $lib ( @libs ) {
        my $exefile = File::Temp::mktemp( 'assertlibXXXXXXXX' ) . $Config{_exe};
        my @sys_cmd;
        if ( $Config{cc} eq 'cl' ) {                 # Microsoft compiler
            require Win32;
            my @libpath = map { 
                q{/libpath:} . Win32::GetShortPathName($_)
            } @libpaths; 
            # this is horribly sensitive to the order of arguments
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                $cfile,
                "${lib}.lib",
                "/Fe$exefile", 
                (map { '/I'.Win32::GetShortPathName($_) } @incpaths),
                "/link",
                @$ld,
                split(' ', $Config{libs}),
                (map {'/libpath:'.Win32::GetShortPathName($_)} @libpaths),
            );
        } elsif($Config{cc} eq 'CC/DECC') {          # VMS
        } elsif($Config{cc} =~ /bcc32(\.exe)?/) {    # Borland
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                @$ld,
                "-o$exefile",
                (map { "-I$_" } @incpaths),
                (map { "-L$_" } @libpaths),
                "-l$lib",
                $cfile);
        } else {                                     # Unix-ish
                                                     # gcc, Sun, AIX (gcc, cc)
            @sys_cmd = (
                @$cc,
                @$ld,
                $cfile,
                "-o", "$exefile",
                (map { "-I$_" } @incpaths),
                (map { "-L$_" } @libpaths),
                "-l$lib",
            );
        }
        warn "# @sys_cmd\n" if $args{debug};
        local $ENV{LD_RUN_PATH} = join(":", @libpaths).":".$ENV{LD_RUN_PATH} unless $^O eq 'MSWin32';
        local $ENV{PATH} = join(";", @libpaths).";".$ENV{PATH} if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
        my $rv = $args{debug} ? system(@sys_cmd) : _quiet_system(@sys_cmd);
        if ($rv != 0 || ! -x $exefile) {
            push @missing, $lib;
        }
        else {
            my $absexefile = File::Spec->rel2abs($exefile);
            $absexefile = '"'.$absexefile.'"' if $absexefile =~ m/\s/;
            if (system($absexefile) != 0) {
                push @wrongresult, $lib;
            }
            else {
                if ($analyze_binary) {
                    push @wronganalysis, $lib if !$analyze_binary->($lib, $exefile)
                }
            }
        }
        _cleanup_exe($exefile);
    } 
    unlink $cfile;

    my $miss_string = join( q{, }, map { qq{'$_'} } @missing );
    die("Can't link/include C library $miss_string, aborting.\n") if @missing;
    my $wrong_string = join( q{, }, map { qq{'$_'} } @wrongresult);
    die("wrong result: $wrong_string\n") if @wrongresult;
    my $analysis_string = join(q{, }, map { qq{'$_'} } @wronganalysis );
    die("wrong analysis: $analysis_string") if @wronganalysis;
}

sub _cleanup_exe {
    my ($exefile) = @_;
    my $ofile = $exefile;
    $ofile =~ s/$Config{_exe}$/$Config{_o}/;
    # List of files to remove
    my @rmfiles;
    push @rmfiles, $exefile, $ofile, "$exefile\.manifest";
    if ( $Config{cc} eq 'cl' ) {
        # MSVC also creates foo.ilk and foo.pdb
        my $ilkfile = $exefile;
        $ilkfile =~ s/$Config{_exe}$/.ilk/;
        my $pdbfile = $exefile;
        $pdbfile =~ s/$Config{_exe}$/.pdb/;
	push @rmfiles, $ilkfile, $pdbfile;
    }
    foreach (@rmfiles) {
	if ( -f $_ ) {
	    unlink $_ or warn "Could not remove $_: $!";
	}
    }
    return
}
    
# return ($cc, $ld)
# where $cc is an array ref of compiler name, compiler flags
# where $ld is an array ref of linker flags
sub _findcc {
    my ($debug, $user_ccflags, $user_ldflags) = @_;
    # Need to use $keep=1 to work with MSWin32 backslashes and quotes
    my $Config_ccflags =  $Config{ccflags};  # use copy so ASPerl will compile
    my @Config_ldflags = ();
    for my $config_val ( @Config{qw(ldflags)} ){
        push @Config_ldflags, $config_val if ( $config_val =~ /\S/ );
    }
    my @ccflags = grep { length } quotewords('\s+', 1, $Config_ccflags||'', $user_ccflags||'');
    my @ldflags = grep { length } quotewords('\s+', 1, @Config_ldflags, $user_ldflags||'');
    my @paths = split(/$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PATH});
    my @cc = split(/\s+/, $Config{cc});
    if (check_compiler ($cc[0], $debug)) {
	return ( [ @cc, @ccflags ], \@ldflags );
    }
    # Find the extension for executables.
    my $exe = $Config{_exe};
    if ($^O eq 'cygwin') {
	$exe = '';
    }
    foreach my $path (@paths) {
	# Look for "$path/$cc[0].exe"
        my $compiler = File::Spec->catfile($path, $cc[0]) . $exe;
	if (check_compiler ($compiler, $debug)) {
	    return ([ $compiler, @cc[1 .. $#cc], @ccflags ], \@ldflags)
	}
        next if ! $exe;
	# Look for "$path/$cc[0]" without the .exe, if necessary.
        $compiler = File::Spec->catfile($path, $cc[0]);
	if (check_compiler ($compiler, $debug)) {
	    return ([ $compiler, @cc[1 .. $#cc], @ccflags ], \@ldflags)