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    [['&', \*STDOUT], 'arrayref'],
) {
    my ($dupout, $desc) = @$spec;
    foreach ([$dupout, "both named ($desc)"],
             ['', "error empty ($desc)"],
            ) {
        my ($err, $desc) = @$_;
        $pid = open3 my $WRITE, $dupout, $err, $perl, '-e', cmd_line(<<'EOF');
    $| = 1;
    print STDOUT scalar <STDIN>;
    print STDERR scalar <STDIN>;
EOF
        printf $WRITE "ok %d # dup reader and error together, $desc\n", ++$test
            for 0, 1;
        waitpid $pid, 0;
    }
}

# command line in single parameter variant of open3
# for understanding of Config{'sh'} test see exec description in camel book
my $cmd = 'print(scalar(<STDIN>))';
$cmd = $Config{'sh'} =~ /sh/ ? "'$cmd'" : cmd_line($cmd);
$pid = eval { open3 'WRITE', '>&STDOUT', 'ERROR', "$perl -e " . $cmd; };
if ($@) {
	print "error $@\n";
	++$test;
	print WRITE "not ok $test\n";
}
else {
	++$test;
	print WRITE "ok $test\n";
	waitpid $pid, 0;
}
$TB->current_test($test);

# RT 72016
{
    local $::TODO = "$^O returns a pid and doesn't throw an exception"
	if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
    $pid = eval { open3 'WRITE', 'READ', 'ERROR', '/non/existent/program'; };
    isnt($@, '',
	 'open3 of a non existent program fails with an exception in the parent')
	or do {waitpid $pid, 0};
    SKIP: {
	skip 'open3 returned, our responsibility to reap', 1 unless $@;
	is(waitpid(-1, WNOHANG), -1, 'failed exec child is reaped');
    }
}

$pid = eval { open3 'WRITE', '', 'ERROR', '/non/existent/program'; };
like($@, qr/^open3: Modification of a read-only value attempted at /,
     'open3 faults read-only parameters correctly') or do {waitpid $pid, 0};

package NoFetch;

my $fetchcount = 1;

sub TIESCALAR {
  my $class = shift;
  my $instance = shift || undef;
  return bless \$instance => $class;
}

sub FETCH {
    my $cmd; #dont let "@args = @DB::args;" in Carp::caller_info fire this die
    #fetchcount may need to be increased to 2 if this code is being stepped with
    #a perl debugger
    if($fetchcount == 1 && (caller(1))[3] ne 'Carp::caller_info') {
	#Carp croak reports the errors as being in IPC-Open3.t, so it is
	#unacceptable for testing where the FETCH failure occured, we dont want
	#it failing in a $foo = $_[0]; #later# system($foo), where the failure
	#is supposed to be triggered in the inner most syscall, aka system()
	my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine) = caller(2);

	die("FETCH not allowed in ".((caller(1))[3])." in ".((caller(2))[3])."\n");
    } else {
	$fetchcount++;
	return tie($cmd, 'NoFetch');
    }
}

package main;

{
    my $cmd;
    tie($cmd, 'NoFetch');

    $pid = eval { open3 'WRITE', 'READ', 'ERROR', $cmd; };
    like($@, qr/^(?:open3: IO::Pipe: Can't spawn-NOWAIT: FETCH not allowed in \(eval\) (?x:
         )in IPC::Open3::spawn_with_handles|FETCH not allowed in \(eval\) in IPC::Open3::_open3)/,
     'dieing inside Tied arg propagates correctly') or do {waitpid $pid, 0};
}

foreach my $handle (qw (DUMMY STDIN STDOUT STDERR)) {
    local $::{$handle};
    my $out = IO::Handle->new();
    my $pid = eval {
	local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
	    open my $fh, '>', '/dev/tty';
	    return if "@_" =~ m!^Use of uninitialized value \$fd.*IO/Handle\.pm!;
	    print $fh "@_";
	    die @_
	};
	open3 undef, $out, undef, $perl, '-le', "print q _# ${handle}_"
    };
    is($@, '', "No errors with localised $handle");
    cmp_ok($pid, '>', 0, "Got a pid with localised $handle");
    if ($handle eq 'STDOUT') {
	is(<$out>, undef, "Expected no output with localised $handle");
    } else {
	like(<$out>, qr/\A# $handle\r?\n\z/,
	     "Expected output with localised $handle");
    }
    waitpid $pid, 0;
}

# Test that tied STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR do not cause open3 any discomfort.
# In particular, tied STDERR used to be able to prevent open3 from working
# correctly.  RT #119843.
SKIP: {
    if (&IPC::Open3::DO_SPAWN) {