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with B<-b>, but note that for separate files to be created %c or %C must be
used in I<FMT> to give the files unique names.

=item B<-Wext> I<EXT>, B<--Wext> I<EXT> (B<-tagOutExt>)

This option is used to specify the type of output file(s) written by the
B<-W> option.  An output file is written only if the suggested extension
matches I<EXT>.  Multiple B<-Wext> options may be used to write more than
one type of file.  Use B<--Wext> to write all but the specified type(s).

=item B<-X> (B<-xmlFormat>)

Use ExifTool-specific RDF/XML formatting for console output.  Implies the
B<-a> option, so duplicate tags are extracted.  The formatting options
B<-b>, B<-D>, B<-H>, B<-l>, B<-s>, B<-sep>, B<-struct> and B<-t> may be used
in combination with B<-X> to affect the output, but note that the tag ID
(B<-D>, B<-H> and B<-t>), binary data (B<-b>) and structured output
(B<-struct>) options are not effective for the short output (B<-s>). Another
restriction of B<-s> is that only one tag with a given group and name may
appear in the output.  Note that the tag ID options (B<-D>, B<-H> and B<-t>)
will produce non-standard RDF/XML unless the B<-l> option is also used.

By default, B<-X> outputs flattened tags, so B<-struct> should be added if
required to preserve XMP structures.  List-type tags with multiple values
are formatted as an RDF Bag, but they are combined into a single string when
B<-s> or B<-sep> is used.  Using B<-L> changes the XML encoding from "UTF-8"
to "windows-1252".  Other B<-charset> settings change the encoding only if
there is a corresponding standard XML character set.  The B<-b> option
causes binary data values to be written, encoded in base64 if necessary.
The B<-t> option adds tag table information to the output (see B<-t> for
details).

Note:  This output is NOT the same as XMP because it uses
dynamically-generated property names corresponding to the ExifTool tag names
with ExifTool family 1 group names as namespaces, and not the standard XMP
properties and namespaces.  To write XMP instead, use the B<-o> option with
an XMP extension for the output file.

=back

=head3 Processing control

=over 5

=item B<-a>, B<--a> (B<-duplicates>, B<--duplicates>)

Allow (B<-a>) or suppress (B<--a>) duplicate tag names to be extracted.  By
default, duplicate tags are suppressed when reading unless the B<-ee> or B<-X>
options are used or the Duplicates option is enabled in the configuration file.
When writing, this option allows multiple Warning messages to be shown.
Duplicate tags are always extracted when copying.

=item B<-e> (B<--composite>)

Extract existing tags only -- don't generate composite tags.

=item B<-ee>[I<NUM>] (B<-extractEmbedded>)

Extract information from embedded documents in EPS files, embedded EPS
information and JPEG and Jpeg2000 images in PDF files, embedded MPF images
in JPEG and MPO files, streaming metadata in AVCHD videos, and the resource
fork of Mac OS files.  Implies the B<-a> option.  Use B<-g3> or B<-G3> to
identify the originating document for extracted information.  Embedded
documents containing sub-documents are indicated with dashes in the family 3
group name.  (eg. C<Doc2-3> is the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd embedded
document.) Note that this option may increase processing time substantially,
especially for PDF files with many embedded images or videos with streaming
metadata.

When used with B<-ee>, the B<-p> option is evaluated for each embedded
document as if it were a separate input file.  This allows, for example,
generation of GPS track logs from timed metadata in videos.  See
L<https://exiftool.org/geotag.html#Inverse> for examples.

Setting I<NUM> to 2 causes the H264 video stream in MP4 videos to be parsed
until the first Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) message is
decoded, or 3 to parse the entire H624 stream and decode all SEI
information.  For M2TS videos, a setting of 3 causes the entire file to be
parsed in search of unlisted programs which may contain timed GPS.

=item B<-ext>[+] I<EXT>, B<--ext> I<EXT> (B<-extension>)

Process only files with (B<-ext>) or without (B<--ext>) a specified
extension.  There may be multiple B<-ext> and B<--ext> options.  A plus sign
may be added (ie. B<-ext+>) to add the specified extension to the normally
processed files.  EXT may begin with a leading '.', which is ignored.  Case
is not significant.  C<"*"> may be used to process files with any extension
(or none at all), as in the last three examples:

    exiftool -ext JPG DIR             # process only JPG files
    exiftool --ext cr2 --ext dng DIR  # supported files but CR2/DNG
    exiftool -ext+ txt DIR            # supported files plus TXT
    exiftool -ext "*" DIR             # process all files
    exiftool -ext "*" --ext xml DIR   # process all but XML files
    exiftool -ext "*" --ext . DIR     # all but those with no ext

Using this option has two main advantages over specifying C<*.I<EXT>> on the
command line:  1) It applies to files in subdirectories when combined with
the B<-r> option.  2) The B<-ext> option is case-insensitive, which is
useful when processing files on case-sensitive filesystems.

Note that all files specified on the command line will be processed
regardless of extension unless the B<-ext> option is used.

=item B<-F>[I<OFFSET>] (B<-fixBase>)

Fix the base for maker notes offsets.  A common problem with some image
editors is that offsets in the maker notes are not adjusted properly when
the file is modified.  This may cause the wrong values to be extracted for
some maker note entries when reading the edited file.  This option allows an
integer I<OFFSET> to be specified for adjusting the maker notes base offset.
If no I<OFFSET> is given, ExifTool takes its best guess at the correct base.
Note that exiftool will automatically fix the offsets for images which store
original offset information (eg. newer Canon models).  Offsets are fixed
permanently if B<-F> is used when writing EXIF to an image. eg)

    exiftool -F -exif:resolutionunit=inches image.jpg

=item B<-fast>[I<NUM>]

Increase speed of extracting information.  With B<-fast> (or B<-fast1>),
ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an AFCP or
PreviewImage trailer, or past the first comment in GIF images or the
audio/video data in WAV/AVI files to search for additional metadata.  These
speed benefits are small when reading images directly from disk, but can be
substantial if piping images through a network connection.  Also bypasses
CRC validation when writing PNG images which can be very slow.  For more