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    In 5.005_03, the mode argument is required: mkdir(PATH, MODE).

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perl58delta (Perl 5.8.0, 2002-07-18)
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  use encoding
    Loads a source encoding pragma (e.g. "use encoding 'euc-jp'").

  PerlIO layers in open() and binmode()
    Specifying I/O layers such as :utf8, :encoding(UTF-8), :crlf
    in the mode string: open(FH, ">:utf8", $path).
    Not available in 5.005_03 (no PerlIO infrastructure).

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perl5100delta (Perl 5.10.0, 2007-12-18)
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  // defined-or operator
    Returns left-hand side if defined, otherwise right-hand side.
    "$x // $y" is equivalent to "defined($x) ? $x : $y".

  //= defined-or assignment
    "$x //= $y" sets $x to $y if $x is not defined.

  say LIST
    Like print but appends a newline.

  state VARIABLE
    Lexically-scoped persistent variable (like static in C).

  given(EXPR) { when(VAL) { ... } }
    Switch/case construct (experimental in 5.10, removed in 5.36+).

  ~~ smart-match operator
    Overloaded comparison operator for various types.

  use feature
    Enables named language features (say, state, switch, etc.).

  \K in regex
    Resets the start of the matched string (keep).
    "foo\Kbar" matches "bar" in "foobar" but does not include "foo".

  (?<name>...) named capture group
    Stores a capture in %+ under the given name.

  \k<name> named backreference
    References a named capture group by name.

  (?|...) branch reset group
    Capture group numbers reset for each alternative.

  (*VERB) backtrack control verbs
    (*FAIL), (*ACCEPT), (*PRUNE), (*SKIP), (*MARK), (*COMMIT), (*THEN).

  \h \H horizontal whitespace escapes
  \v \V vertical whitespace escapes
  \R generic newline escape

  UNITCHECK { } phase block
    Runs at the end of compiling each individual compilation unit.

  Possessive quantifiers a++ a*+ a?+ a{n,m}+
    Quantifier that does not give back on backtracking.

  (?PARNO) (?+N) (?-N) recursive subpattern by number
  (?&name) recursive subpattern by name
  (?R) recurse to start of entire pattern

  ${^MATCH} ${^PREMATCH} ${^POSTMATCH}
    Equivalents of $&, $`, $' when /p flag is used (no speed penalty).

  \g{N} \g{-N} absolute and relative backreferences

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perl5120delta (Perl 5.12.0, 2010-04-12)
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  package NAME VERSION
    Combined package declaration and version specification in one statement.

  ... yada-yada operator
    Placeholder for unimplemented code; throws "Unimplemented" when reached.

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perl5140delta (Perl 5.14.0, 2011-05-14)
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  s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/r non-destructive substitution flag
    Returns the modified string without changing the original.

  tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/r non-destructive transliteration flag

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perl5160delta (Perl 5.16.0, 2012-05-20)
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  __SUB__
    A token (enabled by "use feature 'current_sub'") that refers to
    the currently-executing subroutine.

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perl5200delta (Perl 5.20.0, 2014-05-27)
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  Subroutine signatures (experimental)
    sub foo ($x, $y = 0) { ... }
    Parameters declared in parentheses after the sub name.

  Postfix dereference
    $ref->@*   $ref->%*   $ref->&*   $ref->$*   $ref->@[...]

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perl5220delta (Perl 5.22.0, 2015-06-01)
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  <<>> double-diamond operator
    Safe version of <> that opens each ARGV file with 3-argument open.

  /n non-capturing regex flag