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    bool    prepare_now;       /* force immediate prepares, even with placeholders. Set by user, default is 0 */
    bool    done_begin;        /* have we done a begin? (e.g. are we in a transaction?) */
    bool    dollaronly;        /* only consider $1, $2 ... as valid placeholders */
    bool    nocolons;          /* do not consider :1, :2 ... as valid placeholders */
    bool    ph_escaped;        /* allow backslash to escape placeholders */
    bool    expand_array;      /* transform arrays from the db into Perl arrays? Default is 1 */
    bool    txn_read_only;     /* are we in read-only mode? Set with $dbh->{ReadOnly} */

    int     pg_enable_utf8;    /* legacy utf8 flag: force utf8 flag on or off, regardless of client_encoding */
    bool    pg_utf8_flag;      /* are we currently flipping the utf8 flag on? */
    bool    client_encoding_utf8; /* is the client_encoding utf8 last we checked? */

    PGresult  *last_result;     /* PGresult structure from the last executed query (can be from imp_dbh or imp_sth) */
    bool      result_clearable; /* Is it alright to call PQclear on last_result? (statements handles set it to false */
    imp_sth_t *do_tmp_sth;      /* temporary sth to refer inside a do() call */
};


/* Each statement is broken up into segments */
struct seg_st {
    char *segment;          /* non-placeholder string segment */
    int placeholder;        /* which placeholder this points to, 0=none */
    struct ph_st *ph;       /* points to the relevant ph structure */
    struct seg_st *nextseg; /* linked lists are fun */
};
typedef struct seg_st seg_t;

/* The placeholders are also a linked list */
struct ph_st {
    char  *fooname;             /* name if using :foo style */
    char  *value;               /* the literal passed-in value, may be binary */
    STRLEN valuelen;            /* length of the value */
    char  *quoted;              /* quoted version of the value, for PQexec only */
    STRLEN quotedlen;           /* length of the quoted value */
    bool   referenced;          /* used for PREPARE AS construction */
    bool   defaultval;          /* is it using a generic 'default' value? */
    bool   iscurrent;           /* do we want to use a literal CURRENT_TIMESTAMP? */
    bool   isdefault;           /* are we passing a literal 'DEFAULT'? */
    bool   isinout;             /* is this a bind_param_inout value? */
    SV     *inout;              /* what variable we are updating via inout magic */
    sql_type_info_t* bind_type; /* type information for this placeholder */
    struct ph_st *nextph;       /* more linked list goodness */
};
typedef struct ph_st ph_t;

typedef enum
    {
        PLACEHOLDER_NONE,
        PLACEHOLDER_QUESTIONMARK,
        PLACEHOLDER_DOLLAR,
        PLACEHOLDER_COLON
    } PGPlaceholderType;
#define PLACEHOLDER_TYPE_COUNT (PLACEHOLDER_COLON + 1)

/* Define sth implementor data structure */
struct imp_sth_st {
    dbih_stc_t com;          /* MUST be first element in structure */

    bool   server_prepare;    /* inherited from dbh */
    int    switch_prepared;   /* inherited from dbh */
    int    number_iterations; /* how many times has the statement been executed? Used by switch_prepared */
    PGPlaceholderType placeholder_type;  /* which style is being used 1=? 2=$1 3=:foo */
    int    numsegs;           /* how many segments this statement has */
    int    numphs;            /* how many placeholders this statement has */
    int    numbound;          /* how many placeholders were explicitly bound by the client, not us */
    int    cur_tuple;         /* current tuple being fetched */
    long   rows;              /* number of affected rows */
    int    async_flag;        /* async? 0=no 1=async 2=cancel 4=wait */
    int    async_status;      /* 0=no async 1=async started -1=async has been cancelled */

    STRLEN totalsize;        /* total string length of the statement (with no placeholders)*/

    const char ** PQvals;    /* List of values to pass to PQ* */
    int         * PQlens;    /* List of lengths to pass to PQ* */
    int         * PQfmts;    /* List of formats to pass to PQ* */
    Oid         * PQoids;    /* List of types to pass to PQ* */
    char   *prepare_name;    /* name of the prepared query; NULL if not prepared */
    char   *firstword;       /* first word of the statement */

    PGresult  *result;       /* result structure from the executed query */
    sql_type_info_t **type_info; /* type of each column in result */

    seg_t  *seg;             /* linked list of segments */
    ph_t   *ph;              /* linked list of placeholders */

    bool   prepare_now;      /* prepare this statement right away, even if it has placeholders */
    bool   prepared_by_us;   /* false if {prepare_name} set directly */
    bool   direct;           /* allow bypassing of the statement parsing */
    bool   is_dml;           /* is this SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE/VALUES/TABLE/WITH? */
    bool   has_binary;       /* does it have one or more binary placeholders? */
    bool   has_default;      /* does it have one or more 'DEFAULT' values? */
    bool   has_current;      /* does it have one or more 'DEFAULT' values? */
    bool   dollaronly;       /* Only use $1 as placeholders, allow all else */
    bool   nocolons;         /* do not consider :1, :2 ... as valid placeholders */
    bool   use_inout;        /* Any placeholders using inout? */
    bool   all_bound;        /* Have all placeholders been bound? */
};


/* Avoid name clashes by assigning DBI funcs to a pg_ name. */
/* In order of appearance in dbdimp.c */

#define dbd_init  pg_init
extern void dbd_init (dbistate_t *dbistate);

#define dbd_db_login6 pg_db_login6
int dbd_db_login6 (SV * dbh, imp_dbh_t * imp_dbh, char * dbname, char * uid, char * pwd, SV *attr);

#define dbd_db_continue_connect pg_db_continue_connect
int dbd_db_continue_connect(SV *h);

#define dbd_db_ping  pg_db_ping
int dbd_db_ping(SV *dbh);

#define dbd_db_commit  pg_db_commit
int dbd_db_commit (SV * dbh, imp_dbh_t * imp_dbh);

#define dbd_db_rollback  pg_db_rollback
int dbd_db_rollback (SV * dbh, imp_dbh_t * imp_dbh);

#define dbd_db_disconnect  pg_db_disconnect