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  AddrInfo ai_;
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const AddrInfoResult &result);

// Standard implementation of ares callbacks that fill out the corresponding
// structures.
void          HostCallback(void *data, int status, int timeouts,
                           struct hostent *hostent);
void          QueryCallback(void *data, ares_status_t status, size_t timeouts,
                            const ares_dns_record_t *dnsrec);
void SearchCallback(void *data, int status, int timeouts, unsigned char *abuf,
                    int alen);
void SearchCallbackDnsRec(void *data, ares_status_t status, size_t timeouts,
                          const ares_dns_record_t *dnsrec);
void NameInfoCallback(void *data, int status, int timeouts, char *node,
                      char *service);
void AddrInfoCallback(void *data, int status, int timeouts,
                      struct ares_addrinfo *res);

// Retrieve the name servers used by a channel.
std::string GetNameServers(ares_channel_t *channel);

// RAII class to temporarily create a directory of a given name.
class TransientDir {
public:
  TransientDir(const std::string &dirname);
  ~TransientDir();

private:
  std::string dirname_;
};

// C++ wrapper around tempnam()
std::string TempNam(const char *dir, const char *prefix);

// RAII class to temporarily create file of a given name and contents.
class TransientFile {
public:
  TransientFile(const std::string &filename, const std::string &contents);
  ~TransientFile();

protected:
  std::string filename_;
};

// RAII class for a temporary file with the given contents.
class TempFile : public TransientFile {
public:
  TempFile(const std::string &contents);

  const char *filename() const
  {
    return filename_.c_str();
  }
};

#ifdef _WIN32
extern "C" {

static int setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite)
{
  char  *buffer;
  size_t buf_size;

  if (name == NULL) {
    return -1;
  }

  if (value == NULL) {
    value = ""; /* For unset */
  }

  if (!overwrite && getenv(name) != NULL) {
    return -1;
  }

  buf_size = strlen(name) + strlen(value) + 1 /* = */ + 1 /* NULL */;
  buffer   = (char *)malloc(buf_size);
  _snprintf(buffer, buf_size, "%s=%s", name, value);
  _putenv(buffer);
  free(buffer);
  return 0;
}

static int unsetenv(const char *name)
{
  return setenv(name, NULL, 1);
}

} /* extern "C" */
#endif

// RAII class for a temporary environment variable value.
class EnvValue {
public:
  EnvValue(const char *name, const char *value) : name_(name), restore_(false)
  {
    char *original = getenv(name);
    if (original) {
      restore_  = true;
      original_ = original;
    }
    setenv(name_.c_str(), value, 1);
  }

  ~EnvValue()
  {
    if (restore_) {
      setenv(name_.c_str(), original_.c_str(), 1);
    } else {
      unsetenv(name_.c_str());
    }
  }

private:
  std::string name_;
  bool        restore_;
  std::string original_;
};


#ifdef HAVE_CONTAINER
// Linux-specific functionality for running code in a container, implemented
// in ares-test-ns.cc
typedef std::function<int(void)>                         VoidToIntFn;
typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> NameContentList;

class ContainerFilesystem {
public:
  ContainerFilesystem(NameContentList files, const std::string &mountpt);
  ~ContainerFilesystem();

  std::string root() const
  {
    return rootdir_;
  }

  std::string mountpt() const
  {
    return mountpt_;
  }

private:
  void                   EnsureDirExists(const std::string &dir);
  std::string            rootdir_;
  std::string            mountpt_;
  std::list<std::string> dirs_;
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TransientFile>> files_;
};

int RunInContainer(ContainerFilesystem *fs, const std::string &hostname,
                   const std::string &domainname, VoidToIntFn fn);

#  define ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname) Contained##casename##_##testname
#  define CONTAINED_TEST_F(casename, testname, hostname, domainname, files)   \
    class ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname) : public casename {                 \
    public:                                                                   \
      ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname)()                                       \
      {                                                                       \
      }                                                                       \
      static int InnerTestBody();                                             \
    };                                                                        \
    TEST_F(ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname), _)                                \
    {                                                                         \
      ContainerFilesystem chroot(files, "..");                                \
      VoidToIntFn         fn(ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname)::InnerTestBody); \
      EXPECT_EQ(0, RunInContainer(&chroot, hostname, domainname, fn));        \
    }                                                                         \
    int ICLASS_NAME(casename, testname)::InnerTestBody()