Class-Delegator
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In this example, the "accelerate" method will be delegated to the
"start" method of the "brakes" attribute and the "decelerate" method
will be delegated to the "stop" method of the "brakes" attribute.
Delegation to multiple attributes in parallel
An array reference can be used as the value of the "to" parameter to
specify the a list of attributes, *all of which* are delegated to--in
the same order as they appear in the array. In this case, the "send"
parameter must be a scalar value, not an array of methods to delegate.
For example, to distribute invocations of "$self->drive(...)" to both
"$self->{left_rear_wheel}->drive(...)" and
"$self->{right_rear_wheel}->drive(...)":
use Class::Delegator
send => 'drive',
to => ["{left_rear_wheel}", "{right_rear_wheel}"]
;
Note that using an array to specify parallel delegation has an effect on
the return value of the delegation method specified by the "send"
parameter. In a scalar context, the original call returns a reference to
an array containing the (scalar context) return values of each of the
calls. In a list context, the original call returns a list of array
references containing references to the individual (list context) return
lists of the calls. So, for example, if the "cost" method of a class
were delegated like so:
use Class::Delegator
send => 'cost',
to => ['supplier', 'manufacturer', 'distributor']
;
then the total cost could be calculated like this:
use List::Util 'sum';
my $total = sum @{$obj->cost()};
If both the "to" key and the "as" parameters specify multiple values,
then each attribute and method name form a pair, which is invoked. For
example:
use Class::Delegator
send => 'escape',
to => ['{flywheel}', '{smokescreen}'],
as => ['engage', 'release'],
;
would sequentially call, within the "escape()" delegation method:
$self->{flywheel}->engage(...);
$self->{smokescreen}->release(...);
Benchmarks
I whipped up a quick script to compare the performance of
Class::Delegator to Class::Delegation and a manually-installed
delegation method (the control). I'll let the numbers speak for
themselves:
Benchmark: timing 1000000 iterations of Class::Delegation, Class::Delegator, Manually...
Class::Delegation: 106 wallclock secs (89.03 usr + 2.09 sys = 91.12 CPU) @ 10974.54/s (n=1000000)
Class::Delegator: 3 wallclock secs ( 3.44 usr + 0.02 sys = 3.46 CPU) @ 289017.34/s (n=1000000)
Control: 3 wallclock secs ( 3.01 usr + 0.02 sys = 3.03 CPU) @ 330033.00/s (n=1000000)
Bugs
Please send bug reports to <bug-class-delegator@rt.cpan.org> or report
them via the CPAN Request Tracker at
<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Class-Delegator>.
Author
David Wheeler <david@kineticode.com>
See Also
Class::Delegation
Damian Conway's brilliant module does ten times what this one
does--and does it ten times slower.
Class::Delegate
Kurt Starsinic's module uses inheritance to manage delegation, and
has a somewhat more complex interface.
Class::HasA
Simon Cozen's delegation module takes the same approach as this
module, but provides no method for resolving method name clashes the
way this module's "as" parameter does.
Copyright and License
Copyright (c) 2005-2008 David Wheeler. Some Rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
( run in 1.004 second using v1.01-cache-2.11-cpan-71847e10f99 )