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    s{ \" ([^\"]+) \" } { '\*(L"' . $1 . '\*(R"' }egx;

    # Make C++ into \*(C+, which is a squinched version.
    s{ \b C\+\+ } {\\*\(C+}gx;

    # All done.
    $_;
}

# Handles C<> text, deciding whether to put \*C` around it or not.  This is a
# whole bunch of messy heuristics to try to avoid overquoting, originally from
# Barrie Slaymaker.  This largely duplicates similar code in Pod::Text.
sub quote_literal {
    my $self = shift;
    local $_ = shift;

    # A regex that matches the portion of a variable reference that's the
    # array or hash index, separated out just because we want to use it in
    # several places in the following regex.
    my $index = '(?: \[.*\] | \{.*\} )?';

    # Check for things that we don't want to quote, and if we find any of
    # them, return the string with just a font change and no quoting.
    m{
      ^\s*
      (?:
         ( [\'\`\"] ) .* \1                             # already quoted
       | \` .* \'                                       # `quoted'
       | \$+ [\#^]? \S $index                           # special ($^Foo, $")
       | [\$\@%&*]+ \#? [:\'\w]+ $index                 # plain var or func
       | [\$\@%&*]* [:\'\w]+ (?: -> )? \(\s*[^\s,]\s*\) # 0/1-arg func call
       | [+-]? ( \d[\d.]* | \.\d+ ) (?: [eE][+-]?\d+ )? # a number
       | 0x [a-fA-F\d]+                                 # a hex constant
      )
      \s*\z
     }xo && return '\f(FS' . $_ . '\f(FE';

    # If we didn't return, go ahead and quote the text.
    return '\f(FS\*(C`' . $_ . "\\*(C'\\f(FE";
}


##############################################################################
# Output formatting
##############################################################################

# Make vertical whitespace.
sub makespace {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->output (".PD\n") if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1);
    $$self{ITEMS} = 0;
    $self->output ($$self{INDENT} > 0 ? ".Sp\n" : ".PP\n")
        if $$self{NEEDSPACE};
}

# Output any pending index entries, and optionally an index entry given as an
# argument.  Support multiple index entries in X<> separated by slashes, and
# strip special escapes from index entries.
sub outindex {
    my ($self, $section, $index) = @_;
    my @entries = map { split m%\s*/\s*% } @{ $$self{INDEX} };
    return unless ($section || @entries);
    $$self{INDEX} = [];
    my @output;
    if (@entries) {
        push (@output, [ 'Xref', join (' ', @entries) ]);
    }
    if ($section) {
        $index =~ s/\\-/-/g;
        $index =~ s/\\(?:s-?\d|.\(..|.)//g;
        push (@output, [ $section, $index ]);
    }
    for (@output) {
        my ($type, $entry) = @$_;
        $entry =~ s/\"/\"\"/g;
        $self->output (".IX $type " . '"' . $entry . '"' . "\n");
    }
}

# Output text to the output device.
sub output { print { $_[0]->output_handle } $_[1] }

# Given a command and a single argument that may or may not contain double
# quotes, handle double-quote formatting for it.  If there are no double
# quotes, just return the command followed by the argument in double quotes.
# If there are double quotes, use an if statement to test for nroff, and for
# nroff output the command followed by the argument in double quotes with
# embedded double quotes doubled.  For other formatters, remap paired double
# quotes to LQUOTE and RQUOTE.
sub switchquotes {
    my $self = shift;
    my $command = shift;
    local $_ = shift;
    my $extra = shift;
    s/\\\*\([LR]\"/\"/g;

    # We also have to deal with \*C` and \*C', which are used to add the
    # quotes around C<> text, since they may expand to " and if they do this
    # confuses the .SH macros and the like no end.  Expand them ourselves.
    # Also separate troff from nroff if there are any fixed-width fonts in use
    # to work around problems with Solaris nroff.
    my $c_is_quote = ($$self{LQUOTE} =~ /\"/) || ($$self{RQUOTE} =~ /\"/);
    my $fixedpat = join ('|', @{ $$self{FONTS} }{'100', '101', '110', '111'});
    $fixedpat =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
    $fixedpat =~ s/\(/\\\(/g;
    if (/\"/ || /$fixedpat/) {
        s/\"/\"\"/g;
        my $nroff = $_;
        my $troff = $_;
        $troff =~ s/\"\"([^\"]*)\"\"/\`\`$1\'\'/g;
        if ($c_is_quote && /\\\*\(C[\'\`]/) {
            $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\`/$$self{LQUOTE}/g;
            $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\'/$$self{RQUOTE}/g;
            $troff =~ s/\\\*\(C[\'\`]//g;
        }
        $nroff = qq("$nroff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
        $troff = qq("$troff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');

        # Work around the Solaris nroff bug where \f(CW\fP leaves the font set
        # to Roman rather than the actual previous font when used in headings.
        # troff output may still be broken, but at least we can fix nroff by