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	        if (lambda_i != -1) p_f[lambda_i] = SvNV(
		    *av_fetch((AV*)SvRV(*av_fetch(f_freq, j, 0)), i, 0)) +
		    1e-5;
            }
	/* iterate */
	k = 0;
	do {
	    TRACE("iteration");
	    /* get p1(f) for current lambda */
	    for (i = 0; i < f_num; i++) p1_f[i] = 0;
	    for (i = 0; i < samples->s_num; i++) {	        
	        for (sum_exp_lambda_f = 0, y = 0; y < y_num; y++) {
		    for (exp_lambda_f[y] = 0, j = 0; j < af_num; j++) {
		        lambda_i = lambda_idx[y][samples->x[i][j]];
		        if (lambda_i != -1)
			    exp_lambda_f[y] += lambda[lambda_i];
		    }
		    exp_lambda_f[y] = exp(exp_lambda_f[y]);
		    sum_exp_lambda_f += exp_lambda_f[y];
		}
		for (y = 0; y < y_num; y++) {
		    pxy = exp_lambda_f[y] / sum_exp_lambda_f;
		    for (j = 0; j < af_num; j++) {
		        lambda_i = lambda_idx[y][samples->x[i][j]];
			if (lambda_i != -1)
			    p1_f[lambda_i] += pxy * samples->w[i];
		    }
		}
	    }
	    /* lambda = lambda + d_lambda */
	    d_lambda_norm = 0;
	    lambda_norm = 0;
	    for (i = 0; i < f_num; i++) {
	        d_lambda[i] = (1.0 / af_num) * log(p_f[i] / p1_f[i]);
		lambda[i] += d_lambda[i];
		d_lambda_norm += d_lambda[i] * d_lambda[i];
		lambda_norm += lambda[i] * lambda[i];
	    }
	    d_lambda_norm = sqrt(d_lambda_norm);
	    lambda_norm = sqrt(lambda_norm);
	    /* call progress_cb if defined */
	    if (SvOK(progress_cb) && SvROK(progress_cb) &&
	        SvTYPE(SvRV(progress_cb)) == SVt_PVCV) {
	        TRACE("call progress_cb");
	        av_lambda = newAV();
		av_d_lambda = newAV();
		av_extend(av_lambda, f_num - 1);
		av_extend(av_d_lambda, f_num - 1);
		for (i = 0; i < f_num; i++) {
		    av_store(av_lambda, i, newSVnv(lambda[i]));
		    av_store(av_d_lambda, i, newSVnv(d_lambda[i]));
		}
	        ENTER;
		SAVETMPS;
		PUSHMARK(SP);
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(k)));
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newRV_noinc((SV*)av_lambda)));
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newRV_noinc((SV*)av_d_lambda)));
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(lambda_norm)));
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(d_lambda_norm)));
		PUTBACK;
		call_sv(progress_cb, G_ARRAY);
		SPAGAIN;
		sv_r = POPs;
		r = SvIV(sv_r);
	        PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
                while (SvREFCNT(sv_r) > 0) { SvREFCNT_dec(sv_r); }
		if (r != 0) break;
	    }
	    k++;
	} while (d_lambda_norm > lambda_norm * epsilon);
	/* finish */
	av_lambda = newAV();
	av_extend(av_lambda, f_num - 1);
	for (i = 0; i < f_num; i++)
	    av_store(av_lambda, i, newSVnv(lambda[i]));
	RETVAL = newRV_noinc((SV*)av_lambda);
	TRACE("leave");
    OUTPUT:
        RETVAL
    CLEANUP:
        free(p_f);
	free(p1_f);
	free(lambda);
	free(d_lambda);
	free(exp_lambda_f);

void
_cache_samples(self)
        SV*     self
    PREINIT:
        SV* _c = *hvref_fetch(self, "_c");
        AV* samples = (AV*)SvRV(*hvref_fetch(self, "samples"));
	AV *sample, *x;	
        struct samples_t* ss =
	    (struct samples_t*)malloc(sizeof(struct samples_t));;
	int i, j;
    CODE:
        ss->s_num = av_len(samples) + 1;
        ss->x_len = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * ss->s_num);
	ss->x = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * ss->s_num);
	ss->y = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * ss->s_num);
	ss->w = (double*)malloc(sizeof(double) * ss->s_num);
	for (i = 0; i < ss->s_num; i++) {
	    sample = (AV*)SvRV(*av_fetch(samples, i, 0));
	    x = (AV*)SvRV(*av_fetch(sample, 0, 0));
	    ss->x_len[i] = av_len(x) + 1;
	    ss->x[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * ss->x_len[i]);
	    for (j = 0; j < ss->x_len[i]; j++)
	        ss->x[i][j] = SvIV(*av_fetch(x, j, 0));
	    ss->y[i] = SvIV(*av_fetch(sample, 1, 0));
	    ss->w[i] = SvNV(*av_fetch(sample, 2, 0));
        }
	hvref_store(_c, "samples", newSViv(PTR2IV(ss)));

void
_free_cache_samples(self)
        SV*     self
    PREINIT:
        SV* _c = *hvref_fetch(self, "_c");
        struct samples_t* ss = 
	    INT2PTR(struct samples_t*, SvIV(*hvref_fetch(_c, "samples")));
        int i;	
    CODE:
        free(ss->x_len);
	for (i = 0; i < ss->s_num; i++) free(ss->x[i]);
	free(ss->x);
	free(ss->y);
	free(ss->w);
	free(ss);
	hvref_delete(_c, "samples");
        
void
_cache_f_map(self)
        SV*     self
    PREINIT:
        SV* _c = *hvref_fetch(self, "_c");
        AV* f_map = (AV*)SvRV(*hvref_fetch(self, "f_map"));
	AV* f_map_y;