Benchmark-Perl-Formance-Cargo
view release on metacpan or search on metacpan
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that would constitute the first federal law to directly address spam. We
believe e-mail is no more intrusive than direct mail, telemarketing or
TV advertising when it comes to politicians seeking to reach voters. A
simple link in good e-mail campaigns allows recipients to opt out of
future mailings. Direct mail takes at least a phone call or stamp to be
taken off a list, and viewers must repeatedly endure TV ads.
When a candidate lacks a large campaign war chest, he or she can use the
Internet to provide constituents with information to better prepare them
to perform their civic duty of casting educated votes. With more than 60
percent of all potential voters in this country possessing e-mail
accounts, it makes sense that political candidates use this medium.
Candidates might avoid some of the tactical problems encountered by the
Jones campaign if they use the technologies available today that better
ensure quality of e-mail lists and target content to specific recipient
groups.
But the broader point remains. When a political candidate sends a voter
an e-mail, that recipient can choose to delete the message without
opening it, unsubscribe from the list, read it or even reply and engage
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Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2002 18:19:49 -0700
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/09/technology/09KORE.html
Broadband's killer application — the one activity that dwarfs all others —
is online gaming, which 80 percent of South Koreans under 25 play, according
to one recent study. Critics say the burgeoning industry is creating
millions of zombified addicts who are turning on and tuning into computer
games, and dropping out of school and traditional group activities, becoming
uncommunicative and even violent because of the electronic games they play.
"Game players don't have normal social relationships anymore," said Kim Hyun
Soo, a 36-year-old psychiatrist who is chairman of the Net Addiction
Treatment Center, one of many groups that have sprung up to cope with
Internet game addiction. "Young people are losing the ability to relate to
others, except through games. People who become addicted are prone to
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Richard Schifter, the Texas Pacific executive whom Mr.
Siegel reached.
In June, Mr. Siegel called Mr. Schifter again. And days
before US Airways announced its plans to file for
bankruptcy two weeks ago - but after it had negotiated
about $550 million in concessions with its unions - Texas
Pacific, based in Fort Worth and San Francisco, agreed to
kick in $100 million as part of a $500 million loan to keep
the company operating during bankruptcy. It also agreed to
buy $200 million of stock, or 38 percent of the company,
and take 5 of 13 seats on the board if US Airways emerges
from bankruptcy - unless another investor surfaces with a
better offer.
"One of the reasons we were interested is few other folks
were," said James Coulter, a partner at Texas Pacific, in
an interview after the bankruptcy filing. "There aren't
many people around with the stomach or the knowledge to
delve into the airline industry."
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my caller I.D., I know it's David calling," said one
investment banker who often works with Mr. Bonderman.
Mr. Bonderman made his reputation in the 1980's as the
chief investment officer for Robert Bass, the Texas oilman.
Mr. Bonderman enriched Mr. Bass a second time by making
early bets in industries like cable television and taking
stakes in troubled companies like American Savings & Loan,
which had been seized by the government. Over nearly a
decade, Mr. Bonderman's picks earned an average annual
return of 63 percent for Mr. Bass.
In 1993, Mr. Bonderman struck out on his own with Mr.
Coulter, a former Lehman Brothers banker who had also
worked for Mr. Bass. They teamed up later that year with
Mr. Price, a veteran of GE Capital Capital and Bain &
Company, a consulting firm, to form Texas Pacific.
The three men have complementary skills, investment bankers
and other deal makers said. Mr. Bonderman is the master
strategist and Mr. Coulter is good at structuring deals and
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Texas Pacific also lost more than $100 million on Zilog, a
semiconductor company, and Favorite Brands, a candy maker,
both of which filed for bankruptcy.
Some of these investments have taken a toll on the firm's
performance. Texas Pacific is still selling off holdings in
two investment funds it raised over the last decade. The
first fund, a $720 million portfolio raised in 1993 and
including investments made through March 1997, should
return more than 40 percent, according to one Texas Pacific
investor. But its second fund - $2.5 billion raised in 1997
- could return less than half that, this investor
estimated, since the firm had less time to take profits on
these investments before the stock market sank.
But because Texas Pacific has not sold many of its holdings
in the second fund, profits on these investments could
rebound. It is hoping, for example, that with new
management in place, J. Crew will turn around as the
economy rebounds. In any case, one competitor said, "their
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chief financial officer. They talked for hours, and Mr.
Parker said the two men quickly realized they had "somewhat
kindred spirits."
The board replaced most senior managers at America West,
except William Franke, the chief executive, who stepped
down last September. His restructuring plan had made the
airline profitable a year and a half before it emerged from
bankruptcy in August 1994.
Texas Pacific owns just 3 percent of America West, worth
about $33.7 million. But those are controlling shares, and
the group holds more than 50 percent of the votes.
"These are not passive investors, nor am I," said Donald L.
Sturm, a Denver businessman who serves on Continental's
board with Mr. Bonderman and Mr. Price. "You're active.
Your money is at stake. Your reputation is at stake."
After overseeing managers who worked successfully with
unions at Continental and America West, Texas Pacific has a
good reputation with labor. That was one reason US Airways
was interested in a Texas Pacific investment, said Chris
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its ostensible political masters about bringing down organized crime
there once and for all.
The result, as we all found out, wasn't swapping the heroin of
Italian Boston mob violence for Irish methadone. Hoover was,
posthumously, swapping it for Oxycontin, or crystal methamphetamine
- -- or, more properly, PCP. The absolute psychopathology of violence
in Whitey Bulger's crack-cocaine-era reign of Boston's drug markets,
like the identical FBI-sponsored reigns or violent horror by other
also-rans in cities across the US as a whole, went up whole orders of
magnitude, not mere percentage points.
As Stalin said once, quantity has a quality all it's own. And, make
no mistake, J. Edgar Hoover was directly responsible that "quality"
of carnage, nation-wide.
So, yes, on paper at least, it really *was* just the swapping of one
gang of racist thugs for another, and the result was, on paper, at
least, business as usual. Same stuff, different century, with
apparently decent people like Mr. Salvati et.al accidently ground on
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Trillian, v0.73, is vulnerable to a buffer-overflow attack that will
allow individuals with malicious intent to run any program on the
computer.
Trillion is a piece of software that allows you to connect to ICQ, AOL
Instant Messenger, MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger and IRC with a single
interface, despite some companies actively avoiding messenger
interoperability.
According to Jason Ross, senior analyst at amr interactive, in June 2002
there were 28,000 home users of Trillian in Australia, about 0.4 percent
of the Internet population, and 55,000 people using it at work, about 1.8
percent of the Internet population.
David Banes, regional manager of Symantec security response, told ZDNet
Australia the code appeared to be valid.
"With these sort of things you have to find some process that would
accept a connection, then throw loads of random data at it and get it to
crash," he said. "Once it's crashed, you can try to find a way to exploit
it."
He said the proof-of-concept that was published is designed to run on
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> Summary:
> Latest Rambus memory plus fast bus appear to give Intel's newest P4 the
> jolt it needs.
>
> Geege attached the following message:
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> ha ha ha harley. rambus earns it.
> ------------------------------------------------------------
"Expect a 3 percent to 5 percent boost with PC1066"
5% faster for only 4 times [pricewatch at 7:55PM - 93 vs 379] the cost.
Gimme gimme gimme! And I better get the full 5% speedup.
And gime me that 20% faster GeForce 4600 at twice the cost of the 4200 too.
Seriously, who falls for this scam?
P.S. finished the PS2 port, it benchmarks at fp:1 int:40. a celeron 525
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Did Dirksen ever say, " A billion here, a billion there, and pretty soon
you're talking real money"? (or anything very close to that?)
Perhaps not. Based on an exhaustive search of the paper and audio
records of The Dirksen Congressional Center, staffers there have found
no evidence that Dirksen ever uttered the phrase popularly attributed to
him.
Archivists undertook the search after studying research statistics
showing that more than 25 percent of inquiries have to do with the quote
or its variations.
Here is what they examined: all of the existing audio tapes of the famed
"Ev and Charlie" and "Ev and Jerry" shows, all newspapers clippings in
the Dirksen Papers, about 12,500 pages of Dirksen's own speech notes,
transcripts of his speeches and media appearances, transcripts of
Republican leadership press conferences, and Dirksen's statements on the
Senate floor as documented in the Congressional Record.
Although Dirksen rarely prepared the text of a speech, preferring to
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Date: Sun, 1 Sep 2002 19:40:27 -0700 (PDT)
"Once we thought of the Internet as this thing with infinite capabilities.
It was basically just a fad that came along."
Missing from the article is the percentage of foreign enrolement, I would
bet the numbers of students from Asia (China specificly) has gone up quite a
bit, and is the only thing keeping the overall numbers from plummiting.
"you can't get the chicks with that anymore."
About time us geeks were outcasts again. I was getting sick of hearing about
geeks breeding and ending up with autistic children - proving that
intelligence is a genetic defect and a "do not breed" flag.)
- Adam L. "Duncan" Beberg
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something more social and more interesting than working with computers.
Besides, he said while packing for a Charlottesville dormitory room, "you
can't get the chicks with that anymore."
The tech industry's financial problems are enough to bankrupt the dreams of
some fair-weather students. But now there's another consequence of the tech
bust: Enrollment growth in undergraduate computer science departments has
come to a halt.
The number of undergraduates majoring in computer science fell 1 percent in
2001, according to a report by the Computing Research Association. And
educators in the field say the trend seems to be accelerating, with some
colleges seeing much greater drops as the new academic year begins.
The word is out among department deans that the bust's fallout has trickled
into the classroom, said Maria Clavez, president of the Association of
Computing Machinery.
"I've heard everything from no change to modest decline to more dramatic
declines," said Clavez, who will become the dean of science and engineering
at Princeton University in January. "It can be hard to see this, because at
some colleges the number of people who want to study computer science so far
exceeds the available space. [But] it is going to have an effect."
At Virginia Tech, enrollment of undergraduates in the computer science
department will drop 25 percent this year, to 300. At George Washington
University, the number of incoming freshmen who plan to study computer
science fell by more than half this year.
Interest in undergraduate computer science programs had grown rapidly in the
past decade. In 1997, schools with PhD programs in computer science and
computer engineering granted 8,063 degrees, according to the Computing
Research Association. The numbers rose through 2001, when 17,048 degrees
were awarded.
The Labor Department projects that software engineering will be the
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down to 800, although a newly created and more general information
technology major has attracted 200 students.
"Having it ease off for a while is a bit of a relief," said Lloyd Griffith,
dean of George Mason's information technology and engineering school.
"Particularly with the field as it has been, they don't want to spend four
years on something and then not get a job."
Freshman enrollment for the University of Maryland's computer science major
is expected to be about 167 this fall, down from 329 last year. Maryland
decreased its total freshman enrollment by 11 percent, but that alone does
not account for the drop, said Steve Halperin, dean of Maryland's College of
Computer, Mathematical and Physical Sciences.
"We are seeing a decrease in the number of freshmen who are declaring their
interest in pursuing computer science as a major," Halperin said. "That's a
factual statement. But I would say that at this point . . . we don't expect
to see a decrease in the number of graduates. Many of the kids who are no
longer expressing an interest in majoring in CS would have fallen off."
Yandziak, who began at the University of Virginia on Saturday, is not
convinced that's the case. He graduated in the top 5 percent of his class,
with a 3.9 grade-point average, and nailed the highest possible score on his
advanced-placement exam in computer science.
"All of my classes have been easy for me. Math and sciences were always fun,
so I looked for professions in which I could use those things," Yandziak
said. "I'm just not sure I want my life to be immersed in [technology]. I
want to do something that will contribute to the practical world."
Harris N. Miller, president of the Information Technology Association of
America, said the last time there was a dearth of computing professionals,
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ALB> After the first meeting, couples can decide to go on dates to get to know
ALB> each other better. Within two weeks of arrival, Lynch says, almost every
ALB> client has found a potential wife.
ALB> "At the end of a fortnight it's very, very rare for a guy to go back and
ALB> think he hasn't made his mind up," he said. In most cases, marriage follows,
ALB> usually within the next year.
ALB> Roongthip Kamchat, managing director of Thai No. 1 Connections, a
ALB> Bangkok-based agency, says she has introduced about 1,000 couples, and less
ALB> than 10 percent have broken up.
ALB> Roongthip says she sometimes has a difficult time calming men who have just
ALB> arrived in Bangkok looking for a wife.
ALB> "Sometimes they are very nervous," she said. "And sometimes they are very
ALB> impatient and say 'Give me a lady, I want to get married now.' I say: 'Calm
ALB> down, OK, we'll talk."'
ALB> But if men are really in a hurry, Roongthip says, she can find them a wife
ALB> and get them married within a week. Lynch says clients he has found wives
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After the first meeting, couples can decide to go on dates to get to know
each other better. Within two weeks of arrival, Lynch says, almost every
client has found a potential wife.
"At the end of a fortnight it's very, very rare for a guy to go back and
think he hasn't made his mind up," he said. In most cases, marriage follows,
usually within the next year.
Roongthip Kamchat, managing director of Thai No. 1 Connections, a
Bangkok-based agency, says she has introduced about 1,000 couples, and less
than 10 percent have broken up.
Roongthip says she sometimes has a difficult time calming men who have just
arrived in Bangkok looking for a wife.
"Sometimes they are very nervous," she said. "And sometimes they are very
impatient and say 'Give me a lady, I want to get married now.' I say: 'Calm
down, OK, we'll talk."'
But if men are really in a hurry, Roongthip says, she can find them a wife
and get them married within a week. Lynch says clients he has found wives
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to depression or suicide than troubled marriages are. And
children are seldom seriously affected when friendships go
bad.
As a popular author of relationship advice books, Dr.
Lerner said, "Never once have I had anyone write and say my
best friend hits me."
Dr. Beverley Fehr, a professor of psychology at the
University of Winnipeg, noted that sociological changes,
like a 50 percent divorce rate, have added weight to the
role of friends in emotional and physical health.
"Now that a marital relationship can't be counted on for
stability the way it was in the past, and because people
are less likely to be living with or near extended family
members, people are shifting their focus to friendships as
a way of building community and finding intimacy," said Dr.
Fehr, the author of "Friendship Processes."
Until the past couple of years, the research on friendship
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integration of areas along religious lines all the way to schools,
government, political party, etc. (Of course both cases have a heritage
of British conquest, but who doesn't?)
(I couldn't find the article I remember, but here are a couple of others:)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A33761-2001Jul8¬Found=true
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A15956-2002Jul16¬Found=true
'Northern Ireland is a British province of green valleys and
cloud-covered hills whose 1.6 million people are politically and
religiously divided. About 54 percent of the population is Protestant,
and most Protestants are unionists who want the province to remain part
of Britain. The Roman Catholic minority is predominantly republican, or
nationalist; they want to merge with the Republic of Ireland to the south.
In 1968, Catholic leaders launched a civil rights drive modeled on the
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.'s campaign in the American South. But
violence quickly broke out, with ancient religious animosities fueling
the political argument. Armed paramilitary groups sprung up on both
sides. Police records and historians agree that the most lethal group by
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And sometimes the religious component is a façade for an equally
dangerous ethnic affiliation. Hindu extremism isn't about the Hindu
religious theology as far as I can see. It is a peg to hang an ethnic
identity and identity politics on.
Muslim extremism appears to have a far greater connection to theology.
> 'Northern Ireland is a British province of green valleys and
> cloud-covered hills whose 1.6 million people are politically and
> religiously divided. About 54 percent of the population is Protestant,
> and most Protestants are unionists who want the province to remain
part
> of Britain. The Roman Catholic minority is predominantly republican,
or
> nationalist; they want to merge with the Republic of Ireland to the
south.
Yep, all because the Scots ate oats and starved their Irish out long
ago, while the English preferred wheat and that doesn't grow so well in
Ireland. That and the introduction of potatoes saved the Irish as
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00606.9733a34d34069bbc9671b0292068449d view on Meta::CPAN
of air are in equilibrium?
If they are at the same height, we
will have half the mass in one, and
half the mass in the other, and the
amount flowing from one to the other
balances the amount flowing in the
opposite direction.[0]
If they are at differing heights,
then a greater percentage of the
higher air tends to descend than
that percentage of the lower air
which ascends. In order for the
two flows to balance, the higher
packet must contain less air than
the lower, and the mass balance
of the flows corresponds thusly:
high percentage of thin air
---------------------------
low percentage of dense air
Now, rates are exponential in
energy differences[1], so that
theoretically we should expect
an exponential decay in height,
to compensate. How does it go
in practice?
-Dave
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Africa, Central Asia, and the Caspian region. We will also continue to
work with our partners to develop cleaner and more energy efficient
technologies.
Economic growth should be accompanied by global efforts to stabilize
greenhouse gas concentrations associated with this growth, containing
them at a level that prevents dangerous human interference with the
global climate. Our overall objective is to reduce America's greenhouse
gas emissions relative to the size of our economy, cutting such
emissions per unit of economic activity by 18 percent over the next 10
years, by the year 2012. Our strategies for attaining this goal will be
to:
* remain committed to the basic U.N. Framework Convention for
international cooperation;
* obtain agreements with key industries to cut emissions of some of
the most potent greenhouse gases and give transferable credits to
companies that can show real cuts;
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impossible without the right national policies. Where governments have
implemented real policy changes we will provide significant new levels
of assistance. The United States and other developed countries should
set an ambitious and specific target: to double the size of the world's
poorest economies within a decade.
The United States Government will pursue these major strategies to
achieve this goal:
* Provide resources to aid countries that have met the challenge of
national reform. We propose a 50 percent increase in the core
development assistance given by the United States. While continuing our
present programs, including humanitarian assistance based on need alone,
these billions of new dollars will form a new Millennium Challenge
Account for projects in countries whose governments rule justly, invest
in their people, and encourage economic freedom. Governments must fight
corruption, respect basic human rights, embrace the rule of law, invest
in health care and education, follow responsible economic policies, and
enable entrepreneurship. The Millennium Challenge Account will reward
countries that have demonstrated real policy change and challenge those
that have not to implement reforms.
* Improve the effectiveness of the World Bank and other development
banks in raising living standards. The United States is committed to a
comprehensive reform agenda for making the World Bank and the other
multilateral development banks more effective in improving the lives of
the world's poor. We have reversed the downward trend in U.S.
contributions and proposed an 18 percent increase in the U.S.
contributions to the International Development Association (IDA) -- the
World Bank's fund for the poorest countries -- and the African
Development Fund. The key to raising living standards and reducing
poverty around the world is increasing productivity growth, especially
in the poorest countries. We will continue to press the multilateral
development banks to focus on activities that increase economic
productivity, such as improvements in education, health, rule of law,
and private sector development. Every project, every loan, every grant
must be judged by how much it will increase productivity growth in
developing countries.
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developed world are necessary but will be effective only with honest
governance, which supports prevention programs and provides effective
local infrastructure. The United States has strongly backed the new
global fund for HIV/AIDS organized by U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan
and its focus on combining prevention with a broad strategy for
treatment and care. The United States already contributes more than
twice as much money to such efforts as the next largest donor. If the
global fund demonstrates its promise, we will be ready to give even more.
* Emphasize education. Literacy and learning are the foundation of
democracy and development. Only about 7 percent of World Bank resources
are devoted to education. This proportion should grow. The United States
will increase its own funding for education assistance by at least 20
percent with an emphasis on improving basic education and teacher
training in Africa. The United States can also bring information
technology to these societies, many of whose education systems have been
devastated by AIDS.
* Continue to aid agricultural development. New technologies,
including biotechnology, have enormous potential to improve crop yields
in developing countries while using fewer pesticides and less water.
Using sound science, the United States should help bring these benefits
to the 800 million people, including 300 million children, who still
suffer from hunger and malnutrition.
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> Africa, Central Asia, and the Caspian region. We will also continue to
> work with our partners to develop cleaner and more energy efficient
> technologies.
>
>
> Economic growth should be accompanied by global efforts to stabilize
> greenhouse gas concentrations associated with this growth, containing
> them at a level that prevents dangerous human interference with the
> global climate. Our overall objective is to reduce America's greenhouse
> gas emissions relative to the size of our economy, cutting such
> emissions per unit of economic activity by 18 percent over the next 10
> years, by the year 2012. Our strategies for attaining this goal will be
> to:
>
> * remain committed to the basic U.N. Framework Convention for
> international cooperation;
>
> * obtain agreements with key industries to cut emissions of some of
> the most potent greenhouse gases and give transferable credits to
> companies that can show real cuts;
>
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00677.b957e34b4dd0d9263b56bf71b1168d8a view on Meta::CPAN
> impossible without the right national policies. Where governments have
> implemented real policy changes we will provide significant new levels
> of assistance. The United States and other developed countries should
> set an ambitious and specific target: to double the size of the world's
> poorest economies within a decade.
>
> The United States Government will pursue these major strategies to
> achieve this goal:
>
> * Provide resources to aid countries that have met the challenge of
> national reform. We propose a 50 percent increase in the core
> development assistance given by the United States. While continuing our
> present programs, including humanitarian assistance based on need alone,
> these billions of new dollars will form a new Millennium Challenge
> Account for projects in countries whose governments rule justly, invest
> in their people, and encourage economic freedom. Governments must fight
> corruption, respect basic human rights, embrace the rule of law, invest
> in health care and education, follow responsible economic policies, and
> enable entrepreneurship. The Millennium Challenge Account will reward
> countries that have demonstrated real policy change and challenge those
> that have not to implement reforms.
>
> * Improve the effectiveness of the World Bank and other development
> banks in raising living standards. The United States is committed to a
> comprehensive reform agenda for making the World Bank and the other
> multilateral development banks more effective in improving the lives of
> the world's poor. We have reversed the downward trend in U.S.
> contributions and proposed an 18 percent increase in the U.S.
> contributions to the International Development Association (IDA) -- the
> World Bank's fund for the poorest countries -- and the African
> Development Fund. The key to raising living standards and reducing
> poverty around the world is increasing productivity growth, especially
> in the poorest countries. We will continue to press the multilateral
> development banks to focus on activities that increase economic
> productivity, such as improvements in education, health, rule of law,
> and private sector development. Every project, every loan, every grant
> must be judged by how much it will increase productivity growth in
> developing countries.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00677.b957e34b4dd0d9263b56bf71b1168d8a view on Meta::CPAN
> developed world are necessary but will be effective only with honest
> governance, which supports prevention programs and provides effective
> local infrastructure. The United States has strongly backed the new
> global fund for HIV/AIDS organized by U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan
> and its focus on combining prevention with a broad strategy for
> treatment and care. The United States already contributes more than
> twice as much money to such efforts as the next largest donor. If the
> global fund demonstrates its promise, we will be ready to give even more.
>
> * Emphasize education. Literacy and learning are the foundation of
> democracy and development. Only about 7 percent of World Bank resources
> are devoted to education. This proportion should grow. The United States
> will increase its own funding for education assistance by at least 20
> percent with an emphasis on improving basic education and teacher
> training in Africa. The United States can also bring information
> technology to these societies, many of whose education systems have been
> devastated by AIDS.
>
> * Continue to aid agricultural development. New technologies,
> including biotechnology, have enormous potential to improve crop yields
> in developing countries while using fewer pesticides and less water.
> Using sound science, the United States should help bring these benefits
> to the 800 million people, including 300 million children, who still
> suffer from hunger and malnutrition.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00679.7c3eae8e28aadb8ea378fb5c04bc5d29 view on Meta::CPAN
architecture, which involves multiple, remote computers that each have a
role in a computation problem or information processing. N1 is being styled
as the answer for companies looking to manage groups of computers and
networks as a single system -- at a lower cost and with greater flexibility.
While lagging behind other, more entrenched players, Sun is gaining ground
in the storage market with its Sun StorEdge Complete Storage Solutions,
according to a new report by IDC. John McArthur, group vice president of
IDC's Storage program, said Sun Microsystems and IBM posted the largest
increases in total storage revenue over Q1 2002, with 32% and 11% gains,
respectively. As of Q2, Sun held a 9 percent market share, with revenues of
$411 million.
Sun's acquisition of Pirus is expected to close in the second quarter of
Sun's 2003 fiscal year, which ends December 29, 2002.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00713.7b4a3ad6c8b6bbcf358ee5ee23dcdc12 view on Meta::CPAN
Global Hydrology & Climate Center, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center
Phone: (205) 922-5960 E-mail: roy.spencer@msfc.nasa.gov
SUMMARY
As part of an ongoing NASA/UAH joint project, Dr. John Christy of UAH and Dr. Roy Spencer of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center use data gathered by microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration TIROS-N satellite...
The accuracy and reliability of temperature data gathered by the satellites since January 1979 has been confirmed by comparing the satellite data to independent temperature data. A recent study (1) found a 97 percent agreement between the MSU data an...
Once the monthly temperature data is collected from the satellites and processed, it is placed in a "public" computer file for immediate access by atmospheric scientists in the U.S. and abroad. It has become the basis for a number of major studies in...
GATHERING THE DATA
While traditional thermometers measure the temperature at a specific point in the air, a microwave sounding unit on a satellite takes readings that are average temperatures in a huge volume of the atmosphere. Each of the more than 30,000 readings per...
The MSU makes a direct measurement of the temperature by looking at microwaves emitted by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. The intensity of the microwave emissions - their "brightness" - varies according to temperature.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00713.7b4a3ad6c8b6bbcf358ee5ee23dcdc12 view on Meta::CPAN
Christy and Spencer developed a method to take the data from several satellites and produce a unified temperature dataset.
VERIFYING THE ACCURACY OF MSU MEASUREMENTS
A recent comparison (1) of temperature readings from two major climate monitoring systems - microwave sounding units on satellites and thermometers suspended below helium balloons - found a "remarkable" level of agreement between the two.
To verify the accuracy of temperature data collected by microwave sounding units, Christy compared temperature readings recorded by "radiosonde" thermometers to temperatures reported by the satellites as they orbited over the balloon launch sites.
He found a 97 percent correlation over the 16-year period of the study. The overall composite temperature trends at those sites agreed to within 0.03 degrees Celsius (about 0.054° Fahrenheit) per decade. The same results were found when considering o...
"The idea was to determine the reliability of the satellite data by comparing it to an established independent measurement," Christy said. "If satellite data are reliable when the satellites are over the radiosonde sites, that means you should be abl...
The 99 radiosondes reported an aggregate warming trend of 0.155 degrees Celsius (about 0.28° Fahrenheit) per decade since 1979. Over those 99 spots on the globe, the satellites also recorded a warming trend: 0.128 degrees Celsius (about 0.23° Fahrenh...
Globally, however, the satellite data show a cooling trend of 0.03 degrees Celsius per decade since the first NOAA TIROS-N satellites went into service.
"These 99 radiosonde launch sites are just not distributed evenly around the planet," Christy said. "They are not representative of the total globe."
Radiosonde balloons are released from stations around the world, usually at noon and midnight Greenwich standard time. As each balloon climbs from the surface to the stratosphere, the temperature is measured and relayed to the ground by radio.
While there are more than 1,000 radiosonde launch sites globally, the data from many sites either are not readily available or are not consistently collected. Christy used data from 99 sites at which there has been long-term systematic and reliable d...
In an earlier study, an upper air temperature record compiled by NOAA from 63 daily weather balloon sites around the world indicated a 17-year climate trend of -0.05° C per decade, which was in exact agreement with the satellite data at that time, Ch...
GLOBAL COVERAGE
One advantage of the MSU dataset is its global coverage. Microwave sounding units aboard NOAA satellites directly measure the temperature of the atmosphere over more than 95 percent of the globe. Each satellite measures the temperature above most poi...
The 'global temperature' that has been frequently reported from surface measurements is neither global in extent nor systematic in measurement method. It neglects vast oceanic and continental regions, including Antarctica, the Brazilian rain forests,...
The most commonly cited historical temperature dataset is from ground-based thermometers. More than 5,000 thermometers worldwide provide almost instantaneous local temperature data through links to weather services and scientists.
Most of these thermometers, which are usually in small shelters about five feet above the ground, are in areas easily accessible to people. In the U.S. and other industrial countries, these thermometers are most often found at airports.
The ground-based network is extensive in North America, Europe, Russia, China and Japan. It is less comprehensive in Africa, South America, Australia and across much of Southern Asia.
Temperatures on the surface and vertically through the atmosphere are gathered daily by thermometers carried aloft by helium balloons. "Radiosonde" balloons are released from stations around the world, usually at noon and midnight Greenwich standard ...
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00761.b4bbbb76fb1fa8407236f5cb167c33d8 view on Meta::CPAN
List-Unsubscribe: <http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork>,
<mailto:fork-request@xent.com?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Archive: <http://xent.com/pipermail/fork/>
Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 08:17:14 -0400
from slate's "today's papers":
The New York Times and Los Angeles Times both lead with word that
a federal judge ruled yesterday that the nation's largest
national gas pipeline company, El Paso, illegally withheld gas
from the market during California's energy squeeze in 2000-01.
The judge concluded that El Paso left 21 percent of its capacity
in the state off-line, thus driving up the price of gas and
helping to induce rolling blackouts.
and this is the product of overregulation?
-----Original Message-----
From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com]On Behalf Of John
Hall
Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 11:57 PM
To: FoRK
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00766.9ac5716a891643ea31d43388a282cbbb view on Meta::CPAN
-James Rogers
jamesr@best.com
On Tue, 2002-09-24 at 05:17, Geege Schuman wrote:
> from slate's "today's papers":
> The New York Times and Los Angeles Times both lead with word that
> a federal judge ruled yesterday that the nation's largest
> national gas pipeline company, El Paso, illegally withheld gas
> from the market during California's energy squeeze in 2000-01.
> The judge concluded that El Paso left 21 percent of its capacity
> in the state off-line, thus driving up the price of gas and
> helping to induce rolling blackouts.
>
> and this is the product of overregulation?
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00767.d5b223070f2a19834daa88bc4338354d view on Meta::CPAN
Domestic-violence worker Kathy Black remembers watching the Nasdaq
take a nastydive on MSNBC, in March 2000.
"I knew then that we would have a lot of work on our hands," Black said,
referring to the caseload at La Casa de las Madres, the city's largest
organization serving women and children affected by domestic violence.
She was right.
Calls to La Casa's crisis line increased by 33% in the last financial
year, and the service saw a 10 percent increase in the demand for
beds, with 232 women and 215 children utilizing the shelter service.
...
Black said the dot-com collapse and a growing awareness of La Casa's
services were the two main reasons for the increase in calls.
She said many of her clients had partners who were employed in
service-industry jobs utilized by dot-com workers
...
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00771.2ce14d08f77127e0720658404cc4ce11 view on Meta::CPAN
> Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 5:16 AM
> To: johnhall@evergo.net
> Subject: RE: liberal defnitions
>
> from slate's "today's papers": The New York Times and Los Angeles
Times
> both lead with word that
> a federal judge ruled yesterday that the nation's largest
> national gas pipeline company, El Paso, illegally withheld gas
> from the market during California's energy squeeze in 2000-01.
> The judge concluded that El Paso left 21 percent of its capacity
> in the state off-line, thus driving up the price of gas and
> helping to induce rolling blackouts.
>
> and this is the product of overregulation?
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: fork-admin@xent.com [mailto:fork-admin@xent.com]On Behalf Of
John
> Hall
> Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 11:57 PM
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00780.3c407d4d7361184c739b0346741036dd view on Meta::CPAN
We do need to recognize that the current system of delivering electricity
defies privatization, at least under current conditions. Smart regulation
is essential.
But the best response to gouging is to use less of what the gougers
control. There are two ways: conservation and replacement. We need more of
both.
The best recent step is a new state law that slowly but surely ratchets up
the use of electricity from renewables. By 2017, California's utilities
will have to get 20 percent of their power from solar and other renewable
sources. Several power companies are expected to do this even sooner.
But this law has an element of old-line thinking, the captive-customer
model we need to be getting away from, not sustaining. Lip service to newer
ideas isn't enough.
The state should be removing barriers to micro-generation systems, small
generators that can run on a variety of fuels and provide decentralized,
harder-to-disrupt electricity to homes and businesses. This technology is
coming along fast. State policies are not keeping pace.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00821.610507766f9b9a60431a96042fc135a5 view on Meta::CPAN
In my experience, this protest behavior is really only an issue in
"ultra-liberal" coastal cities, which is where I normally live. It is
part of the culture and that behavior is viewed as acceptable.
For comparison, contrast this with the character of the arguably more
serious protests against Federal government abuse in the inter-mountain
West. They have a very different idea of what constitutes acceptable
protest practice. Those protests remain largely civil and polite, if
heated and aggressive, and those involve a far greater percentage of the
local population. And unlike 99% of the liberal coastal city protests
I've seen, the people protesting in the inter-mountain West are actually
facing immediate dire consequences from the activities they are
protesting and are strongly motivated to protest in a manner that gets
results. Some of their tactics, such as the practice of many businesses
and restaurants in northern Nevada to not give service to anyone known
to be in the employ of the BLM and related agencies, have been very
effective at forcing dialog. I don't recall anyone characterizing their
protests as impolite, rude, or violent, but then they have more to lose.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/00941.6805692546cf6517f808151dcc9dd6f4 view on Meta::CPAN
The US asking for major policy advice from Europe is like asking a quack
for medical advice. I really don't see what is wrong with "unilateral"
anyway. Why should anyone join a stampede that is heading for a cliff?
I hope the incessant knee-jerk conformist screeching that Americans see
coming from Europe doesn't actually represent the views of Europeans.
For various reasons I'm not exactly a cheerleader for the US government,
but the premises of the argument against them here are lame.
> My personal point is that few Americans (percentage of overall population)
> have ever left their country, while even German construction workers
> regularly spend their holidays in Spain. So I'm not surprised that
> paranoia is growing.
I'm betting you are underestimating the actual percentage. The vast
majority of people I know have lived, worked, and traveled outside the
country at one time or another. And I doubt Europeans have traveled
anywhere near as much in the Western hemisphere as Americans have.
Despite the best efforts of France, Europe is *still* not the center of
the universe. I'll throw you a bone though: most Americans do consider
Europe to be drifting into irrelevancy and therefore ignore it. But
from the perspective of an American, how could you NOT look at it this
way? The impact of Europe on America has diminished greatly over the
years.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01356.6edc052e900ddd438a25c6fbe4106334 view on Meta::CPAN
You're not dense. I'm going to zero the habeas scores on my copy of
SpamAssassin. I think they were added to SA quite prematurely. To me it's
simple:
1. People who send me legitimate email have absolutely no motivation to use
Habeas, at least until it gets lots more press, and even then only
bulk-mailing companies like Amazon or eBay are going to bother, and I
already whitelist them. Individuals won't bother.
2. Spammers have lots of motivation to forge the Habeas headers, and a good
percentage of them are completely out of the legal reach of Habeas.
I think it should be subjected to the same testing and scrutiny as any other
potential new rule. When I test against my corpus here's what I get:
OVERALL SPAM NONSPAM S/O SCORE NAME
13851 8919 4932 0.64 0.00 (all messages)
0 0 0 0.00 -1.00 HABEAS_SWE
The score of -1.0 is pretty harmless right now, but it still looks like a
useless rule so far.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01421.e01ad8fa7bcb36e969c838578051d684 view on Meta::CPAN
sections).
Schemes that remain ignorant of MIME are vulnerable to spammers putting
arbitrary amounts of "nice text" in the preamble area (after the headers and
before the first MIME section), which most mail readers don't display, but
which appear first in the file so are latched on to by Graham's scoring
scheme.
But I don't worry about clever spammers -- I've seen no evidence that they
exist <0.5 wink>. Even if they do, the Open Source zoo is such that no
particular scheme will gain dominance, and there's no percentage for
spammers in trying to fool just one scheme. Even if they did, for the kind
of scheme we're using here they can't *know* what "nice text" is, not unless
they pay a lot of attention to the spam targets and highly tailor their
messages to each different one. At that point they'd be doing targeted
marketing, and the cost of the game to them would increase enormously.
if-you're-out-to-make-a-quick-buck-you-don't-waste-a-second-on-hard-
targets-ly y'rs - tim
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01490.859db59aa3abbf8c92e1766d1aa147b5 view on Meta::CPAN
Message-Id: <20020918115754.4376516F1C@spamassassin.taint.org>
Matt Kettler said:
> Ok, first, the important stuff. Happy birthday Justin (a lil late, but
> oh well)
cheers!
> a 13% miss ratio on the spam corpus at 5.0 seems awfully high, although
> that nice low FP percentage is quite nice, as is the narrow-in of average
> FP/FN scores compared to 2.40.
As Dan said -- it's a hard corpus, made harder without the spamtrap data.
Also -- and this is an important point -- those measurements can't be
directly compared, because I changed the methodology. In 2.40 the scores
were evolved on the entire corpus, then evaluated using that corpus; ie.
there was no "blind" testing, and the scores could overfit and still
provide good statistics.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01649.5bcdd9205f59d95e025a2896a38ee2bb view on Meta::CPAN
<3D788B92.22739.1D9E0FD1@localhost>
Message-ID: <200209061505.g86F5MM14762@pcp02138704pcs.reston01.va.comcast.net>
> > What's an auto-ham?
>
> Automatically marking something as ham after a given
> timeout.. regardless of how long that timeout is, someone is going
> to forget to submit the message back as spam.
OK, here's a refinement. Assuming very little spam comes through, we
only need to pick a small percentage of ham received as new training
ham to match the new training spam. The program could randomly select
a sufficient number of saved non-spam msgs and ask the user to
validate this selection. You could do this once a day or week (config
parameter).
> How many spams-as-hams can be accepted before the f-n rate gets
> unacceptable?
Config parameter.
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01715.30f57f8851044a464064eec4c938963d view on Meta::CPAN
where
word_re = re.compile(r"[\w$\-\x80-\xff]+")
This at least doubled the process size over what's done now. It helped the
f-n rate significantly, but probably hurt the f-p rate (the f-p rate is too
low with only 4000 hams per run to be confident about changes of such small
*absolute* magnitude -- 0.025% is a single message in the f-p table):
false positive percentages
0.000 0.000 tied
0.000 0.075 lost +(was 0)
0.050 0.125 lost +150.00%
0.025 0.000 won -100.00%
0.075 0.025 won -66.67%
0.000 0.050 lost +(was 0)
0.100 0.175 lost +75.00%
0.050 0.050 tied
0.025 0.050 lost +100.00%
0.025 0.000 won -100.00%
share/SpamAssassin/easy_ham/01715.30f57f8851044a464064eec4c938963d view on Meta::CPAN
0.000 0.000 tied
0.025 0.100 lost +300.00%
0.050 0.150 lost +200.00%
won 5 times
tied 4 times
lost 11 times
total unique fp went from 13 to 21
false negative percentages
0.327 0.218 won -33.33%
0.400 0.218 won -45.50%
0.327 0.218 won -33.33%
0.691 0.691 tied
0.545 0.327 won -40.00%
0.291 0.218 won -25.09%
0.218 0.291 lost +33.49%
0.654 0.473 won -27.68%
0.364 0.327 won -10.16%
0.291 0.182 won -37.46%
( run in 0.562 second using v1.01-cache-2.11-cpan-709fd43a63f )