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                     *
                     * Normally, two subsequent bytes describe a Unicode
                     * character.  However a special technique (called a
                     * surrogate pair) is used for specifying character
                     * values larger than 0xFFFF.
                     *
                     * A surrogate pair consists of two pseudo-characters:
                     *      high surrogate area (0xD800-0xDBFF)
                     *      low surrogate area (0xDC00-0xDFFF)
                     *
                     * The following formulas are used for decoding
                     * and encoding characters using surrogate pairs:
                     *
                     *  U  = U' + 0x10000   (0x01 00 00 <= U <= 0x10 FF FF)
                     *  U' = yyyyyyyyyyxxxxxxxxxx   (0 <= U' <= 0x0F FF FF)
                     *  W1 = 110110yyyyyyyyyy
                     *  W2 = 110111xxxxxxxxxx
                     *
                     * where U is the character value, W1 is the high surrogate
                     * area, W2 is the low surrogate area.
                     */