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technology on previous methods of research *+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Serving as moderator, James DALY acknowledged the generosity of all thepresentersforgiving of theirtime, counsel, and patience in planningthe Workshop, as well as of members of the American Memory project andother Library of Congress staff, and the David and Lucile PackardFoundation and its executive director, Colburn S. Wilbur.DALY then recounted his visit in March to the CenterforElectronic Textsin the Humanities (CETH) and the Department of Classics at RutgersUniversity, where an old friend, Lowell Edmunds, introduced him to thedepartment's IBYCUS scholarly personal computer, and, in particular, thenew Latin CD-ROM, containing, among other things, almost all classicalLatin literary texts through A.D. 200. Packard Humanities Institute(PHI), Los Altos, California, released this disk late in 1991,withanominal triennial licensing fee.Playingwiththe diskforan hour or so at Rutgers brought home to DALYat once the revolutionizing impact of the new technology on his previousmethods of research. Had this disk been available two or three years
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The scholars performing these conversions have been asked to recognizeforother research purposes as well. As a result, during the past fewyears, humanities scholars have initiated a number of projects toincrease scholarly access to converted text. So,forexample, the TextEncoding Initiative (TEI), about which more is said later in the program,was established as an effort by scholars to determine standard elementsand methodsforencoding machine-readable textforelectronic exchange.In a second effort to facilitate the sharing of converted text, scholarshave created a new institution, the CenterforElectronic Texts in theHumanities (CETH). The center estimates that there are 8,000 series ofsource texts in the humanities that have been converted tomachine-readable form worldwide. CETH is undertaking an internationalsearchforconverted text in the humanities, compiling it into anelectronic library, and preparing bibliographic descriptions of thesourcesforthe Research Libraries Information Network's (RLIN)machine-readable data file. The library professionhasbegun to initiatelarge conversion projects as well, such as American Memory.While scholars have been making converted text available to one another,typically on disk or on CD-ROM, the clear trend is toward making theseresources available through research and education networks. Thus, theAmerican and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language
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SESSION V. APPROACHES TO PREPARING ELECTRONIC TEXTS+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++HOCKEY * Text in ASCII and the representation of electronic text versusan image * The need to look at ways of using markup to assist retrieval *The needforan encodingformatthat will be reusable and multifunctional+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Susan HOCKEY, director, CenterforElectronic Texts in the Humanities(CETH), Rutgers and Princeton Universities, announced that one talk(WEIBEL's) was moved into this session from the morning and that DavidPackard was unable to attend. The session would attempt to focus more onwhat one candowitha text in ASCII and the representation of electronictext rather than just an image, what one candowitha computer thatcannot be donewitha book or an image. It would be argued that one candomuch more than justreada text, and from that starting point one canusemarkup and methods of preparing the text to take full advantage ofthe capability of the computer. That would lead to a discussion of whatthe European Community calls REUSABILITY, what may better be termedDURABILITY, that is, how to prepare or make a text that willlasta long
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SESSION VII. CONCLUSION+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++GENERAL DISCUSSION * Two questionsfordiscussion * Different emphases inthe Workshop * Bringing the text and image partisans together *Desiderata in planning the long-term development of something * Questionssurrounding the issue of electronic deposit * Discussion of electronicdeposit as an allusion to the issue of standards * Needfora directoryof preservation projects in digital form andforaccess to theirdigitized files * CETH's catalogue of machine-readable texts in thehumanities * What constitutes a publication in the electronic world? *NeedforLC to dealwiththe concept of on-line publishing * LC's NetworkDevelopment Office exploring the limits of MARC as a standard in termsof handling electronic information * Magnitude of the problem and theneedfordistributed responsibility in order to maintain and storeelectronic information * Workshop participants to be viewed as a startingpoint * Development of a network version of AM urged * A step toward AM'sconstruction of somesortof apparatusfornetwork access * A delicateand agonizing policy questionforLC * Re the issue of electronicdeposit, LC urged to initiate a catalytic process in terms of distributed
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was to learn how to catalog that information into RLIN and then intoOCLC, so that it would be accessible. That issue remains to be resolved.LYNCH rejoined that putting it into OCLC or RLIN was helpful insofar assomebody who is thinking of performing preservation activity on that workcould learn about it. It is not necessarily helpfulforinstitutions tomake that available. BATTIN opined that the idea was that it not only beforpreservation purposes butforthe convenience of people lookingforthis material. She endorsed LYNCH's dictum that duplication of thiseffort was to be avoided by every means.HOCKEY informed the Workshop about one major current activity of CETH,namely a catalogue of machine-readable texts in the humanities. Held onRLIN at present, the cataloguehasbeen concentrated on ASCII as opposedto digitized images of text. She is exploring ways to improve thecatalogue and make it more widely available, and welcomed suggestionsabout these concerns. CETH owns the records, which are not justrestricted to RLIN, and can distribute them however it wishes.Taking up LESK's earlier question, BATTIN inquired whether LC, since itis accepting electronic files and designing a mechanismfordealingwiththat rather than putting books on shelves, would become responsibleforthe National Copyright Depository of Electronic Materials. Of coursethat could not be accomplished overnight, but it would be something LCcould planfor. GIFFORD acknowledged that much thought was being devotedto that set of problems and returned the discussion to the issue raisedby LYNCH--whether or not putting the kind of records that both BATTIN and
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12:30-1:30 PM Lunch1:30 PM Session V. Approaches to Preparing Electronic Texts.Discussion of approaches to structuring textforthe computer;pros and cons of text coding, description of methods inpractice, and comparison of text-coding methods.Moderator: Susan Hockey, Director, CenterforElectronic Textsin the Humanities (CETH), Rutgers and Princeton UniversitiesDavid Woodley PackardC.M. Sperberg-McQueen, Editor, Text Encoding Initiative (TEI),University of Illinois-ChicagoEric M. Calaluca, Vice President, Chadwyck-Healey, Inc.3:30-4:00 PM Break4:00 PM Session VI. Copyright Issues.
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E-mail: pgif@seq1.loc.govJacqueline Hess, DirectorNational Demonstration LaboratoryforInteractive Information TechnologiesLibrary of CongressPhone: (202) 707-4157Fax: (202) 707-2829Susan Hockey, DirectorCenterforElectronic Texts in the Humanities (CETH)Alexander LibraryRutgers University169 College AvenueNew Brunswick, NJ 08903Phone: (908) 932-1384Fax: (908) 932-1386E-mail: hockey@zodiac.rutgers.eduWilliam L. Hooton, Vice PresidentBusiness & Technical Development
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